P.N. Mal’chikov, M.G. Myasnikova
State Research Samara Institute of Agriculture, ul. Karl Marx, 41, pos. Bezenchuk, Samarskiy r-n. 446254, Russian Federation
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Summary. The article presents the ways of development, morphological, botanical characteristics and properties of new varieties of durum wheat from the Samara Institute of Agriculture: "Bezenchukskaya Niva", "Bezenchukskaya 209" and "Bezenchukskaya 210", included in the State Register of Selection Achievements of Russia in 2012, 2014 and 2015, correspondingly. New varieties have high productivity potential, their realized yield exceeds 6.0 t/ha. Bezenchukskaya Niva and Bezenchukskaya 210 are distinguished in stability of the formation of higher harvest, the indices of general adaptability and stability, breeding value of the genotype (OACi, Sgi, SCGi) were higher on 2.7-2.8, 34.3-42.3, 2.4-2.7 units, correspondingly, than in varieties, included in the State Register of Russia during the preceding periods. Bezenchukskaya 209 is a short-stalked variety of the intensive type; it does not yield the cultivars of early breeding according to resistance to stress factors and can be used in intensive technologies of cereals growing. The new cultivars have an increased level of resistance to the most harmfulness disease in the region and possess the sufficient drought resistance. According to the grain vitreousness they correspond to the first class of GOST 9353-90 and surpass the samples of the previous stages of breeding. Bezenchukskaya Niva is characterized by the combination of high grain weight and natural weight, 744.0 g/l and 43.1 g, correspondingly. Bezenchukskaya 209 forms stably strong gluten (parameter SDS is 60 ml). Bezenchukskaya 210 distinguished by high content of carotinoids in grain (435.5 microgram %), color of middling (4.4 points) and strength of noodle (987.0 g); and this cultivar along with Bezenchukskaya Niva have the best color of noodle. All varieties are characterized by the good cooking properties of noodle and correspond to requirements of world standards on these parameters. These new cultivars, possessing high potential of productivity, adaptability to the environment of the Middle Volga Region, stability of productivity and a number of better quality characteristics, can become an important component of the system of varieties of durum wheat in the Middle Volga and Ural regions of the Russian Federation.
Keywords: durum wheat, region, characteristics, adaptability, stability, grain quality.
Author Details: P.N. Mal’chikov, D. Sc. (Agr.), head of laboratory (e-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.); M.G. Myasnikova, Cand. Sc. (Agr.), leading research fellow.
For citation: Mal’chikov P.N., Myasnikova M.G. Varieties of Spring Durum Wheat for the Middle Volga and Ural Regions of the Russian Federation. Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK. 2015. V. 29. No 10. pp. 58-62 (In Russ)