A.I. Grabovets, M.A. Fomenko
Don zonal Research Institute of Agriculture, Severnay, 6, Donskay Niva, Tarasovsky r-n, Rostovskaya obl., 346055, Russian Federation
Summary. Intensification of continentality of climate in the Middle Don region stipulated for the correction of breeding methods for wheat and triticale. Breeding nursery is laid by the new method – by unthreshed ears. In reduces the price of work and enables to create 8-9 times more forms in populations, include more genotypes in the study on the first step of breeding. The further work is carried out with populations with long splitting by years at a pressure of limiting stressors. At the breeding for winter hardiness one or to high winter resistant forms are used as parents. In our investigations we selected several productive genotypes from such populations. With the use of middle winter resistant, but more productive, intensive, resistant to diseases varieties as a source material the recombinants formed with winter hardiness close to the phylogenetic limit for the Northern Caucasia. This approach ensures simultaneous increase in winter hardiness and potential of productivity. On the average over 1989-2014 it was revealed a positive correlation (0.78 ± 0.13) between the level of cold hardiness and resistance to ice crust. The methodology of breeding for the resistance to this sign is about the same with that for the frost resistance. The resistance to May frost is controlled by another block of genes. Triticale of Don breeding withstand cryogenic load until early earing. For wheat it was revealed a clear opportunity to enhance the expressiveness of signs by use selected sources of frost resistance in crosses. The output of transgressions increases at backcrosses on the same or a new source of resistance to frost. The breeding on heat and drought tolerance is based on the grain mass per a plant and area unit. It takes into account a certain level of biomass, harvest index, character of water use, space orientation of leaves, etc. Radically with the help of chemical mutagenesis it was changed the duration of vegetation and other features of durum spring wheat. It was reduced by 15-20 days with the simultaneous growth of productivity potential, which is important at droughts.
Keywords: wheat, triticale, breeding, cultivars, resistance, drought, frost hardiness, ice crust, May frost.
Author Details: Grabovets A.I., D. Sc. (Agr.), member of the RAS, head of department (e-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.); Fomenko M.A., Cand. Sc. (Agr.), head of laboratory.
For citation: Grabovets A.I., Fomenko M.A. Climate Change and Methodology for Development of New Varieties of Wheat and Triticale with Broad Ecological Plasticity. Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK. 2015. Vol. 29. No. 12. Pp. 16-19 (In Russ).