A.S. Avilov1, O.A. Sokolov2, A.A. Zavalin2, N.Ya. Shmyreva2
1Center of Agrochemical Service «Belgorodsky», ul. Shchorsa, 8, Belgorod, 308027, Russian Federation
2All-Russian Research Institute of Agricultural Chemistry, ul. Pryanishnikova, 31a, Moskva, 127550, Russian Federation
Summary. Micro field experiments were carried out on typical chernozem in order to study the utilization of nitrogen of biomass of white mustard, grown as green manure crop, by winter wheat. The agrochemical characteristic of the soil: pH of salt extract is 6.5; the content of humus (according to Tyurin) is 5.0%, of total nitrogen (according to Kjeldahl and Jodlbauer) – 0.23%, of mobile forms of phosphorus and potassium (according to Chirikov) – 110 and 105 mg/kg. The investigations were carried out in pots from polyethylene film without bottom; the size was 23 x 45 x 30 cm. Fertilizers at the dose of N60P60K60 were applied before sowing of winter wheat. The design of the experiment included the following variants: P60K60 (the background); the background + 15Mustard (15M) in the amount equivalent to N60; the background + 15Nm; the background + 2/3 dose 15M + 1/3 dose Nm. The nitrogen from white mustard, entering the soil, is at once included in the in-soil cycle of this element, changing the intensity of transformation of soil nitrogen. Winter wheat utilized the nitrogen from biomass of white mustard, labeled by 15N, less by 27%, than nitrogen of carbamide, at the same time its losses were less by 57% and fixing in the soil was higher by 76%. With combined application of mustard biomass and carbamide the utilization of mustard nitrogen by winter wheat and its gaseous losses increased, and its fixing in soil decreased. The productivity of winter wheat with the embedding of mustard biomass increased in comparison with the background (P60K60) 2 times, in the case of its combined application – 2.3 times, with carbamide application – 2.6 times.
Keywords: nitrogen isotope 15N, immobilization of nitrogen, nitrogen from mustard, soil nitrogen, fertilizer nitrogen, gaseous losses.
Author Details: A.S. Avilov, chief soil scientist (Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.); O.A. Sokolov, D. Sc. (Biol.), chief research fellow; A.A. Zavalin, corresponding member of the RAS, head of laboratory; N.Ya. Shmyreva, Cand. Sc. (Biol.), senior research fellow.
For citation: Avilov A.S., Sokolov O.A., Zavalin A.A., Shmyreva N.Ya. Nitrogen Transformation of Biomass of White Mustard. Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK. 2016. V.30. No 2. Pp. 29-31 (In Russ.).