E.A. Gaevaya, A.P. Vasilchenko
Don Zonal Research Institute of Agriculture, ul. Institutskaya, 1, pos. Rassvet, Aksayskiy r-n, Rostovskaya obl., 346735, Russian Federation
Summary. The investigations were carried out in multifactor stationary experiment located on the slope of the Big Log dry valley at Aksaj district of Rostov region in 1990-2015. We studied the hydrothermal conditions of pea cultivation. The distribution according to periods showed that the moisture conditions of the 25 years of observations were favorable for plants development in half of the cases. According to the value of hydrothermal coefficient the years of observation were divided as “severe arid”, “arid”, “slightly dry”, “wet” and “excessively wet”. The pea productivity in “severe arid” years was the lowest and amounted by 1.47-1.85 t/ha. Grain yield at application of medium doses of fertilizers on the average increased by 15-16%, higher ones – by 20-21%. The highest yield of pea was registered in “wet” and “excessively wet” years: against the natural fertility – 1.68-2.43 t/ha, and with fertilizer application – 2.42-3.40 t/ha; it was higher by 79-83% than in “severer arid” years. The method of soil tillage had no significant effect on the crop yield, the difference between chisel and moldboard plowing was about 50-190 kg/ha. The calculated efficiency of the precipitation, used to create 1 t of production, showed that in “severe arid” years it was 54 mm and in “excessively wet” years – 292 mm. Application of fertilizers allowed reducing the consumption of moisture of atmospheric precipitation. The highest payback of 1 kg of fertilizer was noted when medium doses were used in “wet” years and it was 8.9-10.6 kg per grain unit. Higher dose of fertilizers allows increasing the total yield of grain up to 51% but with a higher price.
Keywords: productivity, pea, hydrothermal coefficient, yield increase, payback of fertilizer.
Author Details: E.A. Gaevaya, Cand. Sc. (Biol.), leading research fellow (е-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.); A.P. Vasilchenko, Cand. Sc. (Techn.), leading research fellow.
For citation: Gaevaya E.A., Vasilchenko A.P. Pea Productivity depending on Weather Conditions of Rostov Region. Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK. 2016. Vol. 30. No. 2. Pp. 32-34 (In Russ.).