G.N. Cherkasov, N.A. Sosov
All-Russian Research Institute of Arable Farming and Soil Erosion Control, ul. Karla Marksa, 70 b, Kursk, 305021, Russian Federation
Summary. The studies were conducted in order to find out efficient practices of development of fallow lands, i.e. arable lands taken out of the production use. The studies were carried out on the plot of the experimental field of the institute located on the slope of the eastern exposure with the angle of 5 degrees. The soil of the experimental plot is leached chernozem. The yield is most greatly affected by favorable moistening during the vegetation period in combination with good moisture charging of soil by autumn and winter precipitations. The highest weed infestation is registered against the background of soil disking without herbicide application. The amount of weeds in this variant in the first year of crop sowing at the beginning of vegetation was 526 pcs/m2, and in the plowed field it was 492 pcs/m2. By the harvest time the weed infestation decreased by 11-15%. The fertilizer application at the rate of N60P60K60 facilitated the increase of the weed infestation of winter wheat and it was 274-537 pcs/m2 at the beginning of vegetation and 218-438 pcs/m2 before harvesting, against the background of natural soil fertility it was 232-527 and 208-487 pcs/m2, respectively. Similar regularity was also observed for barley and buckwheat. Soil tillage with BDT-3 disk harrow results in the increase of weed infestation, melting-out of crop seedlings, poorer development of plants and as a result to decrease in the productivity, in comparison with plowing. The highest yield of winter wheat, barley and buckwheat is registered in the variant of moldboard plowing with herbicide application before tillage and mineral fertilizer application at the rate of N60P60K60. It was on the average 2.87, 3.87 and 2.15 t/ha.
Keywords: fallow lands, primary tillage, herbicide, fertilizer, moisture, infestation, winter wheat, barley, buckwheat.
Author Details: G.N. Cherkasov, corresponding member of the RAS, director (e-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра. ) N.A.Sosov, Cand.Sc. (Agr.), senior research fellow.
For citation: Cherkasov G.N., Sosov N.A. Efficient Practices of Development of Fallow Lands for Grain Crops on the Slopes of the Central Chernozem Zone. Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK. 2016. V.30. No 2. Pp. 35-37 (In Russ.).