O.A. Olenin1, E.N.Noskova2, F.A.Popov2
1Vyatka State Agricultural Academy, Oktyabr’skii prospekt, 133, Kirov, 610017, Russian Federation
2Research Institute of Agriculture of the North-East, ul. Lenina, 166a, Kirov, 610007, Russian Federation
Summary. The investigations were carried out on ordinary chernozem under conditions of the south forest-steppe of the trans-Volga region (1993-1996) and on sod-podzol middle loamy soils of the north-east of the European Russia (2009-2011). The aim of the research was to reveal the influence of the main elements of biologization of spring wheat cultivation on the productivity and phytosanitary state of agrocoenosis under different soil and climatic conditions. Investigations on chernozem showed, that fertilizer systems only influenced significantly the productivity of spring wheat among all elements of biologization (crop rotations with seeded and green manure fallows, application of organic fertilizers, minimization of tillage). In comparison with organic and mineral intensive fertilizer system, organic and mineral one, recommended for the zone (the reduction of mineral nitrogen doses 3.1-3.6 times), reduced the productivity on the average by 16.7%, and organic one (embedding of straw and full rejection of mineral fertilizers) – on the average by 28%. The productivity of the culture decreased extremely with the organic fertilizer system in the crop rotation with green manure fallow – by 19.4-42.9% in comparison with organic and mineral intensive and recommended systems. It was revealed strong correlation between productivity and water consumption coefficient (r = -0.83). The investigations on the influence of presowing treatment of soil and application of the Baikal EM1 biological preparation and Aquadon-Micro microfertilizer on sod-podzol soils showed, that use of combined machines for tillage contributed to the increase in productivity of spring wheat on the average for three years. It can be explained by the reduction of time for soil preparation and sowing and earlier seed germination. Used preparations did not influence productivity and infestation of crops, but reduced the injury of spring wheat by root rots by 3.88-9.05%, leaf and stem rusts – by 13.7-44.4%.
Keywords: biologization of cultivation technology, productivity, presowing treatment of soil, biological preparations, microfertilizers, phytosanitary state of crops.
Author Details: O.A. Olenin, post-graduate student (e-mail:Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.); E.N. Noskova, Cand. Sc. (Agr.), research fellow; F.A. Popov, Cand. Sc. (Agr.), research fellow.
For citation: Olenin O.A., Noskova E.N., Popov F.A. Methods of Biologization at the Cultivation of Spring Wheat on Different Types of Soil. Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK. 2016. Vol. 30. No 2. Рp. 41-45 (in Russ.).