A.E. Mishchenko, N.N. Kiss, E.A. Gaevaya, A.P. Vasilchenko, A.V. Mishchenko
Don Zonal Research Institute of Agriculture, ul. Institutskaya, 1, pos. Rassvet, Aksajsky r-n, Rostovskaya obl., 346735, Russian Federation
Summary. The aim of the research was optimization of agrotechnical elements of a soil-protecting complex for the cultivation of intensive crops on erosion threatening slopes of 3.5-4.0 degrees. Three-factor experiment was founded in 1986 on the slope of Big Log draw, Aksay district, Rostov region. The soil of the plot was ordinary chernozem, heavy loamy on loess-like loam. The following agrotechnical elements of the erosion preventive complex were studied in the experiment: crop rotation, tillage system, fertilizer system. Three types of crop rotation were investigated: grain-fallow-row (20% of bare fallow, 0% of perennial grasses), soil protecting 1 (10% of bare fallow, 20% of perennial grasses), and soil protecting 2 (0% of bare fallow, 40% of perennial grasses) crop rotations. Four variants of tillage were used: moldboard (control), combined, disking, and chisel ones. Three fertilizer systems were also tested: nature fertility (control), N46P24K30, N84P30K48. The water flow in the parts of soil-protecting crop rotations is 1.1-1.3 times higher, than in grain-fallow-row ones; but at the same time ablation was 1.2-2.0 times less. There is a close linear relationship of soil ablation (t/ha) from water flow (mm); the coefficient of correlation is 0.96, the regression equation is y = 0.279x – 0.9187. Depending on the crop rotation part and tillage method the coefficient of energy efficiency varied from 1.35 in grain-fallow to 2.03 in grain-legumes part of crop rotation. In the part of soil-protecting crop rotation “pea – winter wheat” the accumulation of energy in the harvest was the highest, 66.75-70.31 GJ/ha. This is due to the optimal ratio of the best preceding crops for winter wheat.
Keywords: soil erosion, adaptive-landscape agriculture, flow, ablation, contour strip organization, erosion threatening slopes, bioenergetic efficiency.
Author Details: A.E. Mishchenko, Cand. Sc. (Agr.), leading research fellow (e-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.); N.N. Kiss, Cand. Sc. (Agr.), leading research fellow; E.A. Gaevaya, Cand. Sc. (Biol.), leading research fellow; A.P. Vasilchenko, Cand. Sc. (Techn.), leading research fellow; A.V. Mishchenko, research assistant.
For citation: Mishchenko A.E., Kiss N.N., Gaevaya E.A., Vasilchenko A.P., Mishchenko A.V. Soil Protection Measures at Crops Cultivation in Contour Strip Organization of Erosion Threatening Slope. Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK. 2016. Vol. 30. No 2.Pp. 49-53 (in Russ.).