V.I. Turusov, V.M. Garmashov, O.A. Abanina, T.I. Mikhina, N.V. Dronova
V.V. Dokuchaev Research Institute of Agriculture of the Central Chernozem Zone, uch. No 2, kvartal 5, Talovsky r-n, Voronezhskaya obl., 397463, Russian Federation
Summary. The purpose of our research was to develop and substantiate theoretically optimal designs of crop rotations for upland agro landscapes. Long-term investigations have been carried out since 2001 to present. It is found, that to productive use of soil and climate potential of upland agro landscapes cereals should occupy not less than 50% in the structure of crops. The fraction of leguminous should be 5-10%, technical crops – 15-20%, silage and fodder crops, perennial grasses – 20%, bare and seeded fallows – 5-10%. In order to develop more adapted cropping systems, taking into account soil and climatic conditions, agricultural land erosion, soil structure, it was conducted agro-ecological division of the region. As a result, the region was divided into six agro-ecological regions: northwest, north, southwest, southeast, east and south. Afterwards, for each agro-ecological region the optimal crop rotations were developed and substantiated for upland agricultural landscapes of the south-east of the Central Chernozem Region. On the upland soils with a slope up to 1 degree it should be designed intensive crop rotations: grain-row, grain-fallow-row with sugar beet, sunflower, and corn for grain. Under conditions of the zone the basis for all kinds of field crop rotations is a winter crops, and the major preceding crops for them are bare fallow, perennial legumes (sainfoin, clover) for one cut, peas, in addition to them – legume-cereal and other grass mixtures for green forage and hay, corn of early harvesting, buckwheat. Further improvement in crop rotations of landscape systems of agriculture should be based on further adaptation of crops in accordance with soil-climatic conditions.
Keywords: soil-climatic potential, agro-ecological region, crop rotation, preceding crop, winter crop part.
Author Details: V.I. Turusov, corresponding member of the RAS, director (e-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.); V.M. Garmashov, Cand. Sc. (Agr.), head of division; O.A. Abanina, Cand. Sc. (Agr.), senior research fellow; T.I. Mikhina, research fellow; N.V. Dronova, junior research fellow.
For citation: Turusov V.I., Garmashov V.M., Abanina O.A., Mikhina T.I., Dronova N.V. Optimal Crop Rotations for Upland Agrolandscapes of the South-East of the Central Chernozem Zone. Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK. 2016. Vol. 30. No 2.Pp. 54-57 (in Russ.).