A.P. Vasilchenko, E.A. Gaevaya
Don Zonal Research Institute of Agriculture, ul. Institutskaya, 1, pos. Rassvet, Aksajsky r-n, Rostovskaya obl., 346735, Russian Federation
Summary. The investigations were carried out in multifactor stationary experiment in Aksaj district of Rostov region in 1990-2015. The experiment was carried out in 1986 in the system of contour landscape territory organization of the slope with steepness up to 3.5-4.0 degrees. The experiments were carried out during 26 years at moderately eroded slope in crop rotations of different designs: the crop rotation I had 20% of bare fallow, which was replaced by peas in the rotation II. Both rotations were deployed in space and time in triple replication. The plots were arranged randomly. We used three levels of organic and mineral nutrition of plants and two systems of primary tillage. In the rotation with bare fallow the amount of eroded soil ranges from 3.5 to 4.0 t/ha depending on soil cultivation. The substitution of the bare fallow by peas helps reduce soil erosion by 40-69% and the use of chisel processing – by 12-19%. The greatest amount of humus is lost with flow and ablation in the rotation with bare fallow at moldboard tillage and ranges from 144 to 159 kg/ha. The environmental effect of the soil tillage on erosion threatening slopes was evaluated by the economy of expenses for the restoration of soil fertility, lost due to the erosion processes. The costs of the restoration of soil fertility at chisel tillage were within 1,000-1,200 Rub, while they were lower by 20.6% at moldboard tillage. The economic impact was estimated considering the reduction in costs for technical operations. Using chisel tillage at pea cultivation allows saving up to 16% of fuel and lubricants, and up to 18% of wages. Costs spent for the pea cultivation using chisel tillage are 16.4% less than at the moldboard one. Ecological and economic estimation of pea cultivation showed that the profitability was highest at the chisel tillage.
Keywords: peas, flow, ablation, humus, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, ecological and economic evaluation, cost-effectiveness.
Author Details: A.P. Vasilchenko, Cand. Sc. (Techn.), leading research fellow (e-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.); E.A. Gaevaya, Cand. Sc. (Biol.), leading research fellow.
For citation: Vasilchenko A.P., Gaevaya E.A. Ecological and Economic Assessment of Crop Cultivation on Erosion Threatening Slopes on an Example of Peas. Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK. 2016. Vol. 30. No 2. Pp. 61-64 (in Russ.).