I.N. Iliinskaya
Don Zonal Research Institute of Agriculture, ul. Institutskaya, 1, pos. Rassvet, Aksajsky r-n, Rostovskaya obl., 346735, Russian Federation
Summary. The article presents the results of research conducted at the experimental field of the Don Zonal Research Institute of Agriculture in 2012-2014. In the test winter wheat was cultivated in crop rotations on erosion threatening slopes of ordinary chernozems. The field experiment is located in the Azov agricultural zone of Rostov region. In the tests during three years it was studied winter wheat (Avesta intensive variety), cultivated on the slopes of ordinary chernozems after various preceding crops: fallow, pea, silage corn, winter wheat. There were four variants of tillage in crop rotations: soil protecting (chisel and combined), surface (disking), and common one (moldboard plowing, the control). Rates of fertilizers were different, and, depending on the preceding crop, they were N40 and N90 after fallow, N90 and N150Р20K30 after pea, N90Р50K60 and N180Р40K90 after winter wheat, N90Р70K90 and N150Р90K120 after corn for silage, respectively for the recommended and increased level of mineral nutrition. The control was the variant without fertilizers. As a result it was found that the most efficient use of soil water was observed on plots with bare fallow as the preceding crop. The lowest rates of water consumption were registered in this variant, they, depending on the tillage method, varied in the range 97.7-100.2 mm/t of harvest. Moldboard plowing contributed to the most productive use of soil moisture; the lowest water consumption coefficients were obtained against its background after different preceding crops. The maximal in the test recoupment of fertilizers was obtained against the recommended background of mineral nutrition. The highest payback of 1 kg of active substance of fertilizer by grain yield was registered at chisel tillage after fallow (139 kg), which is almost equivalent to moldboard plowing. Surface soil treatments (combined one and disking) reduced this index at 8.5-9.0%.
Keywords: winter wheat, efficiency, resource utilization, typical chernozem.
Author Details: I.N. Iliinskaya, D. Sc. (Agr.), chief research fellow (e-mail:Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.).
For citation: Iliinskaya I.N. Efficiency of Resource Utilization at Cultivation of Winter Wheat on Typical Chernozem. Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK. 2016. Vol. 30. No 2. Pp. 65-68 (in Russ.).