V.A. Kulygin
Don Zonal Research Institute of Agriculture, ul. Institutskaya, 1, Rassvet, Aksay r-n, Rostovskaya obl., 346735, Russian Federation
Summary. The investigations were carried out in FGUP “Semikarakorskoe” (Rostov region) in 2011-2013 in order to reveal the optimal combination of tillage methods and mineral nutrition levels at soybean cultivation in terms of resource conservation. The soil of the test plot was ordinary chernozem with the content of humus in the layer 0-20 cm 3.34%; N-NО3 – 5.2 mg/kg; N-NН4 – 12.6 mg/kg; Р2О5 – 39.0 mg/kg; К2О – 545 mg/kg; рН was 7.2-7.5. The conventional methods were used at the research. We studied three variants of soil tillage: moldboard (control), nonmoldboard, zero (no-till) ones, and three levels of mineral nutrition: N60R60K60 (recommended for the zone), N30R30K30 and without fertilizer. It was found that at zero tillage during presowing period the soil moisture reserve in one-meter layer was higher by 12-17% than at the moldboard tillage. The increase of crop infestation occurred proportionally to the decrease of the intensity of tillage. The highest weed infestation of soybean before the harvest was observed at the plots without tillage, it was 2.5-2.8 times higher than after moldboard ploughing. Moldboard main tillage contributed to the increase in crop yields, which at the full rate of fertilizer was 1.40 t/ha, at the half norm – 1.29 t/ha, without fertilizer – 1.17 t/ha. Compared to the control, the decrease in seed yield under conditions of different fertilizer rates against nonmoldboard tillage was 0.7-4.3%, against zero one – 12.8-13.2%. Application of the the half norm of fertilizers against the background of different cultivation increased soybean yield on 9.8-11.6% compared to the control, and at full norm of fertilizer the increase was 19.7-24.1%. The greatest increase in crop yields (270 kg/ha) was registered against the background N60P60K60, where 1.5 kg of additional product was formed per 1 kg of applied fertilizers.
Keywords: soybeans, fertilizer background, tillage method, moisture reserve, weed infestation, productivity, yield increase.
Author Details: V.A. Kulygin, Cand. Sc. (Agr.), leading research fellow (e-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.).
For citation: Kulygin V.A. Influence of Technology Elements on Soybean Productivity under Conditions of Ordinary Chernozem. Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK. 2016. Vol. 30. No. 2. Pp. 69-71 (In Russ.).