E.N. Sedov, N.G. Krasova, Z.M. Serova, M.A. Makarkina
All Russian Research Institute for Fruit Crop Breeding, Zilina, Orlovskiy r-n, Orlovskaya obl., 302530, Russian Federation
Summary. The usage of genetic collection of the All-Russian Research Institute of Fruit Crop Breeding at development of 72 varieties of apple tree during 1955-2015 was analyzed. This analysis was carried out to select and evaluate the source forms of apple tree in breeding. Only 40 samples of apple tree from 836 gene pool forms were efficiently used in breeding. Eleven original forms were of special value. They were included in the development of 162 new varieties: Papirovka Tetraplodnaya – 12 varieties; resistant to scab Seyanets 814 (Vf genome) and Seyanets SR0523 (Vm) – in 10 cultivars; Redfri and Uelsi Tetraploidny – in 9 ones; Antonovka Krasnobochka – 8; Makintosh – 7; Antonovka Obyknovennaya – 6; Bessemyanka michurinskaya, Prima and Uelsi – in 5 varieties. The other 29 source forms were used in development from 1 to 3 new varieties. It was recommended the promising initial forms: 11 – for breeding on the resistance to scab, 17 – on the higher content of vitamin C in fruits, 3 – on self-fertilization; 5 – to development of triploid varieties. The existent gene pool are not used in sufficiently full measure. It was selected a number of value sources for some commercial traits: winter hardiness, early fruiting, productivity, scab resistance, high marketable and taste qualities of fruit, long keeping capacity. Sources of high content of ascorbic acid in fruit are of great interest. Up to the present, breeders have not managed to develop apple cultivars with a desirable level of ascorbic acid content in fruit – 30 mg/100 g.
Keywords: apple tree, gene pool, varieties, pre-breeding, donors, valuable original forms of apple tree.
Author Details: E.N. Sedov, member of the RAS, head of laboratory (е-mail:Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.); N.G. Krasova, D. Sc. (Agr.), chief research fellow; Z.M. Serova, Cand. Sc. (Agr.), leading research fellow; M.A. Makarkina, D. Sc. (Agr.), head of laboratory.
For citation: Sedov E.N., Krasova N.G., Serova Z.M., Makarkina M.A. Preliminary Breeding (Pre-Breeding) Is an Important Stage in the Development of New Apple Cultivars. Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK. 2016. Vol. 30. No. 2. Pp. 75-77 (In Russ.).