G.L. Utenkov, V.K. Kalichkin
Siberian Branch of Agricultural Science, pos. Krasnoobsk, Novosibirskii r-n, Novosibirskaya obl., 630501, Russian Federation
Summary. The problem of cultivation of grain crops, which occupies 60-70% of sown area in Siberia, has its special features, caused by soil-climatic and economic conditions. There productivity, even in the relatively favorable on the moistening 2000-2013, was 1.5 t/ha, and in Novosibirsk region – 1.47 t/ha. However, field experiments of research institutions show that grain yield of spring wheat can be increased 1.5-2.0 times. There the scientific problem arises of the search for relationships between yield and costs of machine technologies of grain crop cultivation. The aim of the research is the development of methodological regulations for the improvement of machine technologies and technological processes of grain crop cultivation in Siberia, allowing to quantitatively correlating the integrated index of agriculture with the required cost per unit of sown area. The methodology of the research is based on the system analysis, enabling to consider the technology as a whole. According to the derived formula: Et = 0.5P(Y + q), the total expenditures per a unit of sown area (Et) are determined by the ratio of semi-constant cost to specific semi-variable ones (q), the price of the production (P) and forecast yield (Y). The use of the elements of margin approach allowed the authors establishing that the cost of the yield of 1.23 t/ha is higher than their optimal value, calculated by the proposed formula, by 34%. It was calculated on the basis of the developed mathematical dependences on the example of analysis of machine technologies of grain crop cultivation in Novosibirsk region. The proposed methodology approaches and dependences can be used to substantiate prospective technological support of crops or distribute them reasonably by selection of ecological niches on the given expenditures.
Keywords: grain production, machine technologies, methodical approach, energy capacity, power equipment, technological efficiency.
Author Details: G.L. Utenkov, Cand. Sc. (Tech.), head of department (e-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.); V.K. Kalichkin, D. Sc. (Agr.), deputy chairman.
For citation: Utenkov G.L., Kalichkin V.K. Improvement of Methodology Approaches to Increasing the Efficiency of Machine Technologies of Grain Crops Cultivation under Conditions of Siberia. Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK. 2016. V.30. No 4. Pp. 14-17 (In Russ.).