N.G. Vlasenko
Siberian Researches Institute of Soil Management and Chemicalization of Agriculture, pos. Krasnoobsk, Novosibirskii r-n, Novosibirskaya obl., 630501, Russian Federation
Summary. The article proves the necessity of a systematic approach to the development of modern crop protection concept, associating into integrated whole the use of disease-resistant varieties, or the cultures most resistant to harmful organisms, adapted agricultural methods, biological control methods and local application of pesticides. The systematic approach is realized in a series of multiple-factor experiments, which enables to study completely the complex connections between the crop, abiotic factors, harmful organisms and anthropogenic impact on above-mentioned components. On the example of field Brassicaceae crops the algorithm of development of ecologically adapted system of plant protection against harmful organisms as a component of cultivation technology is shown. The solution begins with the selection of crop type, compliances of its agro-ecological requirements to the specific growing conditions. Then, a sort of studied species according to their resistance to adverse biotic and abiotic factors, the selection of possible predecessors in the rotation is carried out. The further experiments should be aimed to the identification of influence of harmful organisms on productivity of the culture and a possibility of reducing their harmfulness by different agricultural practices. For spring rape, for example, the sowing date is the determining method to decrease the weeds harmfulness, and the sowing in the early terms provides a highly competitiveness of culture against weeds, their almost complete suppression and reduction in seed yield losses below the economically significant values. Another important factor of increasing the productivity of spring rape grown in the forest-steppe of Western Siberia after grain preceding crop is the use of nitrogen fertilizers. Application of 120 kg of nitrogen per 1 ha improves the phytosanitary situation in a crop concerning weeds without any additional measures, as rape plants, provided with this nutrient, inhibits weed development without assistance. Combining various studied agricultural practices, it is possible to create cultivation technology adapted to the local agroclimatic and economic conditions in which the use of pesticides can be minimized.
Keywords: system of plant protection, agro-ecological conditions, system approach, multiple-factor experiment, field Brassicaceae crops.
Author Details: N.G. Vlasenko, corresponding member of the RAS, D.Sc. (Biol.), deputy director (е-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.).
For citation: Vlasenko N.G. Main Methodological Principles of Formation of Modern Systems of Plant Protection. Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK. 2016. V.30. No 4. Pp. 25-29 (In Russ.).