V.M. Krasnitsky, A.G. Schmidt
Center of Agrochemical Service «Omskii», prosp. Koroleva, 34, Omsk, 644012, Russian Federation
Summary. It is presented the characteristic of soil cover, fertility state of soils in Omsk region according to results of the state monitoring for 1966-2015; the dynamics of its change is revealed. On the basis of the industrial tests of agrochemical service the efficiency of mineral and organic fertilizers in Omsk region is considered. The work on preserving and increase soil fertility in Omsk region developed extremely during the period from 1986 to 1990. During this period the amounts of use of mineral fertilizers reached 40 kg/ha and organic fertilizers – up to 4.6 t/ha. At the same time the growth in volumes of application of mineral and organic fertilizers from 1966 to 1990 promoted decrease in negative balance of nutrients to 11.4 kg/ha in 1986-1990, and allowed reaching the positive balance on phosphorus – 13.5 kg/ha. The deficit of nitrogen was more than two times less than now, of nitrogen – 1.5 times. Further for a variety of reasons the volume of works on preserving fertility of soils was sharply reduced, and such means as chemical melioration stopped at all. At the same time the application of organic fertilizers, such as bird droppings, manure, and straw allowed to reduce the negative impact on soil fertility due to the compensation of considerable carrying out of elements of mineral nutrition from the soil. Now farms in Omsk region purchase and apply of 11,200 tons of mineral fertilizers, or 2.2 kg/ha. In combination with 0.8 t/ha of organic fertilizers it allows to support the negative balance at the level of minus 32.7 kg/ha. Due to the more effective use of active substances of fertilizers these measures allowed to stabilize total yield of cereals in Omsk region at the level of 3.0-3.5 million tons in a year.
Keywords: fertility of soils, state monitoring, fertilizers, productivity, grain crops.
Author Details: V.M. Krasnitsky, D.Sc. (Agr.), director (e-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.); A.G. Schmidt, head of division.
For citation: Krasnitsky V.M., Schmidt A.G. Dynamics of Fertility of Arable Soils in Omsk Region and Efficiency of Use of Means for Its Increase under Modern Conditions. Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK. 2016. V.30. No.7. Pp. 34-37 (in Russ.).