TECHNOLOGY OF POTATO CULTIVATION IN STEPPE AND FOREST-STEPPE ZONES OF THE SOUTHERN URALS UNDER CONDITIONS OF IRRIGATION

N.N. Dubenok¹, A.A. Mushinskiy², A.A. Vasilev³, E.V. Gerasimova^4
1Russian State Agrarian University MTAA named K.A. Timiryazev, ul. Timiryazevskaya, 49, Moscow, 127550, Russian Federation
²Orenburg Agricultural Research Institute, ul. Gagarina 27, Orenburg, 460051, Russian Federation
³South Ural Scientific Research Institute of horticulture and potato, ul. Gidrostroi, 16, Shershni, Chelyabinskaay obl., 454902, Russian Federation
⁴Orenburg State Agrarian University, ul. Cheluskincev, 18, Orenburg, 460014 Russian Federation

Summary. The aim of the study was optimization of the main methods of potato cultivation, directed at obtaining planned yields by maximizing the satisfaction of biological needs of plants. The experiments were carried out on irrigated land of OOO “Agrofirma “Promyshlennaya” since 1999 to 2003 and under dry conditions of the test plot of the South-Ural Research Institute of Horticulture and Potato Breeding in 2008-2010. The soils of plots were chernozem southern terraced medium-humic medium-thick deep-solonetzic medium-loamy and leached medium loamy chernozem. The object of the research on the irrigated plot was the cultivars Кrasnopolsky and Karatop, on the boghara – varieties Gubernator, Nevsky, Spiridon, Tarasov, and Balabaj. At the irrigated plots the design with five variants of fertilizer doses was used: N99P45K162 –for the formation of 30 t/ha of tubers, N132P60K216 – 40 t/ha, N165P75K270 – 50 t/ha, N198P90K324 – 60 t/ha, without fertilizers (control). The planting doses were 40, 45, 50, 55 and 60 thousand tubers per a hectare; and four doses, calculated to receive yields of 30, 40, 50 and 60 t/ha. Ridges were cut on the day of planting, in 10, 20, 30 and 40 days after planting. The control was without fertilizers with the cutting of ridges on the day of planting. The humidity of the active soil layer was not less than 75-80% of the field moisture capacity. Under boghara conditions it was three variants of the planting density: 40,400; 55,500; 70,100 tuber/ha and 4 variants of fertilizer doses: calculated to obtain 25, 40 and 50 t/ha and without fertilizers (control). The yield of tubers of the Karatop variety at the level of 45-50 t/ha in the steppe zone of the South Ural is provided by the combination of plant density 50-55 ths. pcs/ha, fertilizer dose N165P75K270 or N198P90K324, the cutting of ridges should be done in 30 days after planting with the soil moisture during the whole vegetation period not less than 75-80% of the field moisture capacity. Under boghara conditions of the forest-steppe zone of the South Urals the combination of plant density 55.5 ths. pcs/ha and fertilizer dose N264P318 K407 is needed for formation of 47 t/ha of tubers (varieties Spiridon and Tarasov).

Keywords: potato, variety, irrigation regime, yield, planting density, mineral fertilizers.

Author Details: N.N. Dubenok, D. Sc. (Agr.), member of the RAS, head of department (e-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.); A.A. Mushinskiy, D. Sc. (Agr.), head of division; A.A. Vasilev, Cand. Sc. (Agr.), academic secretary; E.V. Gerasimova, post-graduate student.

For citation: Dubenok N.N., Mushinskiy A.A., Vasilev A.A., Gerasimova E.V. Technology of Potato Cultivation in Steppe and Forest-Steppe Zones of the Southern Urals under Conditions of Irrigation. Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK. 2016. Vol. 30. No. 7. Pp. 71-74 (In Russ).