A.V. Korshunov1, Yu.N. Lysenko2, N.Yu. Lysenko2
1All-Russian Research Institute of Potato Farming by A.G.Lorh, ul. Lorkha, 23, pos. Kraskovo-1, Lyuberetskii r-n, Moskovskaya obl., 140051, Russian Federation
2Penza Research Institute of Agriculture, ul. Michurina, 16, pos. Lunino, Penzenskaya obl., 442730, Russian Federation
Summary. Despite the fact that the most areas, occupied with potato in the Russian Federation (according to the data of statistics in 2014), belong to private subsidiary farming (84.8%) and peasant economy (6.3%), extremely insufficient attention is paid to the scientific substantiation of foolproof methods of the crop cultivation in this sphere. The authors solved the problem of achievement of a good level of soil fertility, high yields and production profitability under conditions of private subsidiary farming and peasant economy. There are presented results of a long-term test, carried out on leached chernozems in the forest-steppe of the Middle Volga region. In the experiment it was studied different variants of potato arrangement (monoculture – the control; monoculture with an intermediate green-manure crop, which was plowed in in the same year; and in the four-field crop rotation with one field of seeded fallow and double cultivation of intermediate green-manure crops) with application of calculated fertilizer doses for potato yield 35 and 40 t/ha. The investigations were carried out with varieties of three groups of ripeness. The intermediate green manuring caused input of 8.1-11.6 t/ha of dry organic matter into the soil in the crop rotation, and 4.2-6.6 t/ha – in the monoculture. The self-supporting balance of humus was noted in the both variants, while it was negative in the control. The productivity and the quality of potato depending on the arrangement can be presented as the following sequence: the crop rotation – monoculture + green manuring after harvesting – monoculture without an intermediate crop (the control). With respect to the control, the inclusion of the intermediate green manure crops contributed to the increase in tuber yields by 5.4 t/ha in the specialized crop rotation and by 2.2 t/ha in the monoculture. The planned harvest (34.7 and 40.8 t/ha) was provided only by middle-late variety Nikulinsky in the specialized crop rotation. Similar values were noted for the middle-ripening variety Roko (32.9 and 37.2 t/ha). The highest profitability (80%) was in the variant with the crop rotation, it was equal to 36% in the control.
Keywords: small-scale commodity potato growing, intermediate green manure crops, crop rotation, monoculture, fertilizers for the planned yield, variety, ripening group.
Author Details: A.V. Korshunov, corresponding member of the RAS, chief research fellow; Yu.N. Lysenko D. Sc. (Agr.), head of laboratory; N.Yu. Lysenko, Cand. Sc. (Agr.), senior research fellow.
For citation: Korshunov A.V., Lysenko Yu.N., Lysenko N.Yu. Small-Scale Commodity Potato Growing: Synergetic Effect of Intermediate Green-Manure Crops in the Crop Rotation and Monoculture, Fertilizers and Varieties. Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK. 2016. V.30. No. 8. Pp. 28-33 (in Russ.).