DEPENDENCE OF FIELD GERMINABILITY OF RICE SEEDS ON THE AGGREGATE SOIL COMPOSITION

A.Ch. Udzhukhu¹, A.N. Zinnik¹, S.A. Shevel’^2
1All-Russian Rice Research Institute, pos. Belozerny, 3, Krasnodar, 350921, Russian Federation
²AO N.I. Tkachev firm "Agrocomplex" ul. Stepnaya, 1, stanitsa Vyselki, Krasnodarskii krai, 353100, Russian Federation

Summary. The investigation was carried out in 2010-2014 at the premises of FGUP RPZ “Krasnoarmeiskii”, Krasnoarmeisk district of Krasnodar Krai, in order to determine the causes of low field germinability of rice seeds and to develop measures for its growth under industrial conditions. To achieve this goal two vegetation and one field experiments were conducted. The influence of the size of soil particles in the sowing layer and the drainage was studied in the vegetation tests. The dependence on the dates and methods of tillage, as well as doses of nitrogen fertilizers, was investigated in the field experiment. Its design provided for the following methods of soil cultivation in spring and autumn: plowing at the depth of 16-18 cm, subsurface loosening at 12-14 cm, surface cultivation with disc harrow at 5-8 cm. Furthermore, the design of the field test provided for the variant with the direct broadcast of rice (without soil treatment). Nitrogen fertilizers were applied against the background of P90K90 at the doses of N30, N60, and N90. The soil in all tests was meadow-chernozem. The presence of aggregates with size from 1.0 to 10 mm in the soil layer 0-5 cm contributes to obtaining uniform dense shoots, in the variants with particles with sizes 0.5-0.25 mm and less 0.25 mm it decreases by 7.9-15.8%. The drainage of the soil with aggregates 1-10 mm did not lead to a significant increase in germinability of rice seeds, and in the variant with particles less than 0.25 mm it grew more than two times. Under field conditions, the highest rice germinability (41.5-41.6%) was registered in variants with surface soil cultivation, where the fractional soil composition in the layer 0-5 cm was presented by the aggregates with the size from 1 to 10 mm (64%). Application of nitrogen fertilizers in different doses, as well as the date of the tillage, did not influence the value of this sign.

Keywords: rice, variety, date and methods of soil cultivation, forecrop, density of shoots, survival rate, productive tillering.

Author Details: A.Ch. Udzhukhu, D.Sc. (Agr.), leading research fellow (e-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.); A.N. Zinnik, senior research fellow; S.A. Shevel’, chief agronomist.

For citation: Udzhukhu A.Ch., Zinnik A.N., Shevel’ S.A. Dependence of Field Germinability of Rice Seeds on the Aggregate Soil Composition. Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK. 2016. V.30. No. 8. Pp. 34-36 (in Russ.).