N.V. Davydova, A.O. Kazachenko, T.P. Malkina, E.E. Sharoshkina
Moscow Research Institute of Agriculture «Nemchinovka», ul. Kalinina, 1, pos. Novoivanovskoe, Odintsovskii r-n, Moskovskaya obl., 143026, Russian Federation
Summary. Winter forms have been widely used for development of varieties of soft spring wheat in the Moscow Research Institute of Agriculture “Nemchinovka” since 1962. Winter varieties of own breeding, as well as samples from other breeding centers of both the Russian Federation and near and far abroad, are used as one of parental forms. A wide form-building process is usually observed in hybrid populations from such crossings. A various breeding material is created as a result of crossings of winter varieties with spring ones, which consists of several thousand samples, which are evaluated in the different stages of breeding process. The number of lines, developed with the participation of a winter component, comprised annually from 37.3 to 65.6% in the competitive variety test during the period from 1998 to 2015. The examination of winter forms as the initial material made it possible to determine their superiority on the productivity, in comparison with spring ones, due to the larger multi-flowering ear and coarser grain. The difference is at the level 35-50%. The procedure of estimation of spring-winter hybrids, developed by E.D. Nettevich, is used in the breeding work to this day. It is based on the comprehensive estimation of the first generation and the thorough study of F2-F3hybrids. During the work with spring-winter hybrids, the special attention is paid to the selection for the early maturity. Domestic winter varieties, developed in the Central region, in the steppe of the Volga region, and also in the Ukraine, are the most valuable for hybridization with spring forms. Together with the high productivity they posses drought resistance and good grain quality. The usage of the best forms of winter wheat as one of the parental forms in hybridization with spring forms made it possible to develop highly productive varieties of soft spring wheat: Lada, Ester, Lyubava, included in the State Register of Selection Achievements Admitted for Usage. It was also created a number of promising lines with the high potential of productivity, and a complex of economic characteristics, which correspond to the requirements for valuable and strong wheat on the quality.
Keywords: spring wheat, breeding, winter variety, maturation group, productivity, breeding value.
Author Details: N.V. Davydova, D. Sc. (Agr.), head of laboratory (e-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.); A.O. Kazachenko, Cand. Sc. (Agr.), senior research fellow; T.P. Malkina, senior research fellow; E.E. Sharoshkina, research fellow.
For citation: Davydova N.V., Kazachenko A.O., Malkina T.P., Sharoshkina E.E. Peculiarities of Usage of Winter Forms in Breeding of Soft Spring Wheat. Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK. 2016. V.30. No. 9. Pp. 23-25 (in Russ.).