N.I. Sokolenko, N.M. Komarov
Stavropol Research Institute of Agriculture, ul. Nikonova, 49, Mikhaylovsk, Shpakovskii r-n, Stavropol’skii krai, 356241, Russian Federation
Summary. The investigations were carried out in 2003-2014 in the experimental field of the Stavropol Research Institute of Agriculture in order to select productive variety samples of wheat resistant to limiting environmental factors. The soil of the test plot was ordinary chernozem medium thick, low humic, medium loamy. The climate of the zone is temperate continental, summers are hot and dry. The material for the research was 800 variety samples of winter wheat from 29 countries. The y samples were seeded after fallow in one replication with frequent location of standards. It was identified a number of high-yield variety samples with the following valuable characters: drought resistance – Odesskaya 267 (464 g/m2 – in 2012, 724 g/m2 – in 2014); precocity – Otrada (560 g/m2, the duration of the period “shoots-earing” is 212 days); complex resistance to fungal and viral diseases – Ulya (804 g/m2), Yashkulyanka (752 g/m2), Kryzhinka (800 g/m2), Sara (776 g/m2). The injury by brown rust was 0-10%, powdery mildew – 0%, septoriosis – up to 10%, tan spot – up to 1%, head blight of winter wheat – from 0 to 1%, wheat mosaic virus – from 0 to 1%. Other valuable characters were grain content of spike and spikelets – Ulya (60.5 grains/ear, 2.72 grains/spikelet) Ajvina (57.9 grains/ear, 2.57 grains per spikelet), Otrada (53.1 grains/ear, 2.85 grains/spikelet), Ukrina (56.9 grains/ear, 2.73 grains/spikelet), Sara (51.1 grains/ear, 2.80 grains/spikelet); high weight of 1000 grains – Yashkulyanka (45.4 g), Kryzhinka (47.4 g); well plumpness of grains – Ajvina (6.0 points), Yashkulyanka (6.0 points), Odesskya 267 (6.3 points), Hoff (6.3 points). All of these variety samples distinguished by high winter hardiness (5 points) and resistance to lodging (5 points). For the breeding on precocity early-maturing varieties Uskoryanka, Yubilejnaya 100, Ksenia and ultra-early-maturing samples Zhong Pin 1596 and Zhong Pin 1597 are promising.
Keywords: variety sample, variety, character, selection, yield, early maturity, winter hardiness, drought resistance.
Author Details: N.I. Sokolenko, Cand. Sc. (Biol), leading research fellow (е-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.); N.M. Komarov, Cand. Sc. (Biol), leading research fellow.
For citation: Sokolenko N.I., Komarov N.M. Source Material for Breeding of Winter Wheat on Productivity and the Most Important Adaptive Characters. Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK. 2016. Vol. 30. No. 9. Pp. 26-29 (in Russ.).