G.J. Upadysheva
All-Russian Horticultural Institute of Breeding, Agrotechnology and Nursery, ul. Zagorievskaya, 4, Moskva, 115598, Russian Federation
Summary. Since 1999 under conditions of Leninsky district of Moscow region the researches have been carried out to reveal the optimal scion-rootstock combinations of cherry and to determine the most effective crown design. Experimental plantations were established on laboratory and demonstration plots of the All-Russian Horticultural Institute for Breeding, Agrotechnology and Nursery in 1999 and 2002. The soil of experimental plots was sod-podzol, medium loamy, with the average humus content 2.8-2.9%. It was studied the productivity of trees of 24 scion-rootstocks combinations with planting schemes 5 x 3 m (control) and 4 x 2 m, as well as 2 low-volume designs of a top (a fruit wall and a small-sized flat crown) in comparison with bushlike roundish top (control). As a result of investigation it was revealed optimal scion-rootstock combinations: Molodeznaya with Izmaylovsky, Volochaevka with Moskovia, Molodeznaya with AVCh-2, Rusinka with Moskovia. The growing of such combinations according to the scheme 4 x 2 m provided the increase in yield up to 7.5-8.7 t/ha, that was 3.0-3.5 times greater, than for the standard combination Vladimirskaya with a seedling rootstock. The most effective was a flat crown by kind of fruit wall with three main branches, at which the yield increased 1.9 times in comparison with the control. Yield of the Molodeznaya variety formed as a fruit wall increased up to 8.7 t/ha, for the Apukhtinskaya variety it exceeded 11.0 t/ha. For the control it was 5.0 and 5.4 t/ha, respectively. Reliable increase in the yield was registered for small-sized flat crown; depending on the variety the increase varied from 1.7 t/ha (Volochaevka) to 3.2 t/ha (Apukhtinskaya). Use of innovation elements contributed to reduction in the labor inputs for cherry cultivation and to increase in the profitability up to 137.5%.
Keywords: cherry, variety, clonal rootstock, technology, scion-rootstock combination, bearing, productivity, design of crown.
Author Details: G.Yu. Upadysheva, Cand. Sc. (Agr.), leading research fellow (e-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.).
For citation: Upadysheva G.Yu. Innovation Elements of Technology of Cherry Cultivation. Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK. 2016. V 30. No.9. Pp. 70-72 (in Russ.).