V.V. Kononchuk, V.D. Shtyrhunov, S.M. Timoshenko, S.V. Sobolev, T.O. Nazarova
Moscow Research Institute of Agriculture «Nemchinovka», ul. Kalinina, 1, pos. Novoivanovskoe, Odintsovskii r-n, Moskovskaya obl., 143026, Russian Federation
Summary. The investigations were carried out in order to improve cultivation technology for winter wheat in a crop rotation taking into account changing climatic conditions of vegetation period in the Central non-black earth belt. The work was done in 2007-2014 in three long stationary field experiment in crop rotations with saturation by perennial grasses from 25 to 40%, located in Odintsovo and Narofominsk districts of Moscow region. The soil was sod-podzol, middle loamy, on drift clay. During the investigation the content of humus in the arable layer (0-20 cm) was 1.8-2.2%, P2O5 and K2O (according to Kirsanov) – 200-270 and 100-130 mg/kg, respectively; pH(KCl) was 5.8-6.2. We studied the Nemchinovskaya 24 intensive variety of winter wheat of forage use on middle cultivated sod-podzol soils of the Central non-black earth belt. If we want to obtain the yield 7-9 t/ha with the content of crude protein 10.5-11.5% under normal moisture conditions, we should place the wheat after perennial grasses of two years of usage or after seeded fallows (annual legumes-grasses mixtures) with the combined tillage system (interchange of plowing with surface cultivation at different depths) and organic and mineral fertilizer system with the application of N130P60K120 against the background of aftereffect of 40 t/ha of manure. Under extreme humidity conditions, caused by lack or excess moisture in the soil, grain yields 6.5-8.5 t/ha with the crude protein content of about 11.0-11.5% can be obtained at the sowing of winter wheat after seeded fallows against the background of surface cultivation at 8-12 cm and organic and mineral fertilizer system. Perennial grasses as a forecrop contributed to a decrease in yield to 4.5-5.5 t/ha. For the formation of a grain yield of 7-9 t/ha the inventory level of N-NO3 in 0-60 cm layer of the soil in the spring during tillering – the beginning of booting of winter wheat should be at least 150-200 kg/ha; for the harvest up to 6 t/ha – 100-150 kg/ha.
Keywords: non-black earth belt, winter wheat, crop rotation, forecrop, tillage methods, fertilizer system, grain yield, quality, moisture conditions.
Author Details: V.V. Kononchuk, D. Sc. (Agr.), head of laboratory (e-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.); V.D. Shtyrhunov, Cand. Sc. (Agr.), acting director, S.M. Timoshenko, Cand. Sc. (Agr.), leading research fellow; S.V. Sobolev, Cand. Sc. (Agr.), leading research fellow; T.O. Nazarova, Cand. Sc. (Agr.), leading research fellow.
For citation: Kononchuk V.V., Shtyrhunov V.D., Timoshenko S.M., Sobolev S.V., Nazarova T.O. Productivity and Quality of Winter Wheat Grain Depending on the Elements of Cultivation Technology under Different Weather Conditions in the Central Non-Black Earth Belt. Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK. 2016. V.30. No. 9. Pp. 73-77 (in Russ.).