E.V. Zhuravleva1, S.V. Fursov2
1Moscow Research Institute of Agriculture «Nemchinovka», ul. Kalinina, 1, pos. Novoivanovskoe, Odintsovskii r-n, Moskovskaya obl., 143026, Russian Federation
2Institute of Economics RAS, Nakhimovskii prosp., 32, Moskva, 117218, Russian Federation
Summary. Agriculture is one of the priority branches of the economics of the Russian Federation. For its development business entities and the state take steps, directed towards providing the food safety, including towards minimization of dependence on the import of foodstuffs and increase in productivity of cultivated cultures. The efficiency of agriculture is greatly influenced by nature factors, including such anomaly phenomena as drought, which are capable of leading to the catastrophic consequences for some regions and for the country as a whole. The fight against the consequences of bad harvests due to drought for centuries was conducted mainly via the realization of different measures for help destitute. Only in the end of 19th century consistent and scientifically supported measures to minimize the consequences of droughts was begun to undertake. They included the development of resistant varieties of crops, agrotechnical and land-reclamation measures; for which, in particular, it was created the network of experimental fields, which was transformed later into the network of breeding and experimental stations. It goes without saying, the risk of one or another natural phenomenon can not be completely excluded, but its consequences for the economics both of the separate farm and of the country as a whole should be minimized by the optimal combination of biological and economic measures. The adequate selection of cultures and varieties, as well as rational agriculture system and maintenance of agrotechnologies, has the fundamental importance. Among the economic measures for the minimization of drought consequences for the separate farms, it should be mentioned the insurance of sowings, which enables at least partially to compensate the losses of production. In this case, the integrated planning of measures only, based on the integration of agricultural and economic sciences, will enable to ensure the food safety of the country, which is one of the main purposes of the agrarian and economic policy of the state.
Keywords: anomalous phenomena, drought, grasses, wheat, agrotechnologies.
Author Details: E.V. Zhuravleva, D. Sc. (Agr.), professor of the RAS, senior research fellow (Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.); S.V. Fursov, Cand. Sc. (Econ.), senior research fellow (Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.).
For citation: Zhuravleva E.V., Fursov S.V. Drought as One of the Risk Factors in the Crop Production Economics of the Russian Federation. Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK. 2016. V.30. No. 9. Pp. 88-90 (in Russ.).