E.V. Oves, N.A. Gaytova
A.G. Lorkh Potato Research Institute, ul. Lorha, 23, pos. Kraskovo, Moskovskaja obl., 140050, Russian Federation
Summary. Our work presents the results of improvement of the promising potato hybrids, bred in the A.G. Lorkh Potato Research Institute, from the most harmful viruses. Thirteen samples were included in the program of investigation. The tuber material, given by breeders, was tested for virus presence by ELISA. Infectiousness by virus diseases in the latent form was at the level of 92 %. According to the results of immunodiagnostic estimation the pathologies, caused by M- and Y-potato viruses, were the most common. We carried out the thermotherapy of tubers and microshoots, obtained from these tubers. The tubers, which had begun to germinate, were placed in the heat chamber at 29-30 degrees in two weeks. Then the temperature was increased up to 36-37 degrees. Three-week plants, grown on the Murashige-Skoog media, were placed in the heat chamber at 28 degrees, and by daily increase in temperature by 2 degrees drove it up to 38 degrees. However tuber material was in the heat chamber during 20 days, and microshoots – no more than 10 days. The inhibition of virus replication during the action of high temperatures contributed to the obtaining of regenerants free from virus infection. The fraction of meristems, obtained from tubers and subsequently developed into full plants, varied from 48 to 89 %; for thermotherapy of plants this value was 21-50 %. After thermotherapy each line obtained was tested for virus and viroid presence by ELISA and PCR. The thermotherapy of tubers contributed to the improvement of 5 from 13 variety samples; during plant thermotherapy 12 promising hybrids were improved. The efficiency of the first method was 38 %, the efficacy of the second method was 2.4 times higher (92 %). After the improvement meristem lines were transferred to the originators of the varieties for estimation of sample typicality under field conditions.
Keywords: potato, improvement, meristem technologies, basic clones, in vitro material, microplants, seed farming.
Author Details: E.V. Oves, Cand. Sc. (Agr.), deputy director (e-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.); N.A. Gaytova, Cand. Sc. (Agr.), senior research fellow.
For citation: Oves E.V., Gaytova N.A. New Elements in Technology of Improvement and Obtaining of Basic Potato Clones of Promising Cultivars and Hybrids. Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK. 2016. Vol. 30. No 11. Pp. 60-62 (in Russ.).