E.B. Shukurova
Far Eastern Research Institute of Agriculture, p. Vostochnyi-1, Khabarovskii krai, 680521, Russian Federation
Summary. The control of the genetic situation in the herd of Black-and-White cattle in the farm “Vostochnoe”, Khabarovsk region, on the EAB-locus of blood groups from 1984 to 2003 revealed the impoverishing of the gene pool. During the research 46 alleles of the EAB-locus were discovered in 2862 animals. The total number of alleles participating in the formation of its genotypes decreased from 40 (descendants born in 1984-1985) to 25 (descendants born in 2002-2003); the homozygosis degree increased from 5.5 to 13.1; the number of effective alleles reduced from 17 to 8. Insignificant replenishment of the allele pool was due to the delivery of cattle. EAB alleles P2Q, E′2, E′3G′O′G′′ appeared in animals born in 1989-1990. For the entire investigation period, the seed of 33 stud bulls was used, that filled up only 21 alleles in the herd. The seed of 17 bulls – carriers of G2Y2E′2Q′ and 12 bulls-carriers of I1(I2) alleles was used that enabled to keep the frequency of occurrence of them in the herd on the high level – up to 0.3079 (allele G2Y2E′2Q′) and to 0.2188 (allele I1(I2)). The animals born in 2002-2003 lost a large number of rare alleles in their genotypes: B2G2E′2O′, G3O1T1, I2E′2I′Q′, I2I′, O1Y2D′O′, O1Y2D′G′′, O1Y2G′G′′, P2I′, QQ′, Y2D′G′I′O′, Y2D′G′I′Q′, Y2E′2I′Q′, Y2G′G′′, Y2Q′, D′G′I′Q′, E′3G′O′G′′. The reduction of the range of genetic variability had the negative effect on viability and productivity of the herd. The average term of productive use of cows in the herd decreased from 3.8 calvings in 1986 to 2.1 in 2001; and the productivity reduced from 5800 to 4500 kg. For neutralization of negative processes in the herd, it is necessary to use such gene pool of producers which will be able to compensate elimination of alleles in the breeder herd.
Keywords: Black-and-White cattle, blood groups, EAB-locus, alleles, dynamics in time.
Author Details: E.B. Shukurova, Cand. Sc. (Biol.), head of division (e-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.).
For citation: Shukurova E.B. Dynamics of Alleles of the EAB-Locus of Blood Groups in Black-and-White Cattle. Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK. 2016. V. 30. No 11. Pp. 97-99 (in Russ.).