K.M. Stepanov1,2, A.I. Pavlova3, S.E. Efremova2, N.K. Kaydalova4
1M.K. Ammosov North Eastern Federal University, ul. Belinskogo, 58, Yakutsk, 677000, Russian Federation
2Yakutsk State Agricultural Academy, ul. Krasil’nikova, 15, Yakutsk, 677007, Russian Federation
3M.G. Safonov Yakutsk Research Institute of Agriculture, ul. Bestuzheva-Marlinskogo, 23/1, Yakutsk, 677001, Russian Federation
4Ministry of Agriculture and Food Policy of the Sakha (Yakutia) Republic, ul. Kurashova, 36, Yakutsk, 677000, Russian Federation
Abstract. The studies were conducted during the period from 2006 to 2014 at various stud farms in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) on mares of Yakut, Megezhekskaya, Prilenskaya breeds and Yana type of Yakut horses. Animals were grouped in 10-12 heads by analogs type taking into account their origin, age, live weight and genotype. It was examined production and composition of milk by standard methods of laboratory research, the economic efficacy of production of milk of Yakut horses was calculated, the prospects of a creation of specialized products from it were considered under conditions of the year-round herd keeping. Milk productivity of mares of Prilenskaya and Yakut breeds are lower than that of Megezhekskaya breed by 726.99 l (30.4 %) and 800.96 l (33.5 %), respectively. The average content of protein in the milk of the studied groups during the productive season was in the range from (2.032 ± 0.011) % to (2.903 ± 0.002) %, sugar – from (7.464 ± 0.043) % to (11.004 ± 0.013) %, ash – from (0.361 ± 0.008) % to (0.462 ± 0.001) %, phosphorus – from (0.054 ± 0.004) % to (0.723 ± 0.031) %, calcium – from (0.113 ± 0.003) % to (0.194 ± 0.001) %, vitamin C – from 45.3 to 136.7 mg/l. The highest lactose content is typical for milk of mares of Yana type (11.04 %); the output of lactose for them during a productive season was higher by 23.0 kg, or 21.58 % (p is less than 0.01) than that of mares of highly productive Megezhekskaya breed. In the milk of them during the same period it was produced 115.91 kg of dry matter, which is higher by 30.68 kg (26.14 %) than of mares of Yana type. The profitability of milk production is relatively high for Megezhekskaya breed (50.45 %) and Yana type (42.11 %), the low profitability of milk production is for Yakut and Prilenskaya breeds.
Keywords: mares, mare’s milk, biochemical composition of mare’s milk, composition of breast milk, special food, dairy products.
Author Details: K.M. Stepanov, D. Sc. (Agr.), chief research fellow, prof. (e-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.); A.I. Pavlova, Cand. Sc. (Agr.), senior research fellow; S.E. Ephraim, post graduate student; N.K. Kaydalova, main specialist.
For citation: Stepanov K.M., Pavlova A.I., Ephraim S.E., Kaydalova N.K. Prospects of Using of Mare’s Milk in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK. 2017. V. 31. No. 1. Pp. 49-51 (in Russ.).