M.A. Skazhennik, N.V. Vorob’ev, V.S. Kovalev, A.Ch. Udzhukhu, I.V. Balyasnyi
All-Russian Rice Research Institute, pos. Belozerny, 3, Krasnodar, 350921, Russian Federation
Abstract. The researches were carried out to study physiological mechanisms, determining the yield formation of rice varieties, in the All-Russian Research Institute of Rice Breeding in 2013-2016. The material for the investigation was four intensive varieties (Rapan, Vizit, Flagman and Gamma) and two extensive ones (Sonata and Atlant). The work was carried out in vegetative-microfield tests in ferroconcrete micro-check plots, filled with soil from rice check plots, in which rice irrigation mode was used under field conditions. The fertilizers as ammonium sulfate, superphosphate and potassium chloride were applied in two dosages: N24P12K12 and N36P18K18 grams of active ingredients per 1 m2. We determined the parameters of photosynthetic activity: leaf area index, photosynthetic potential, net productivity of photosynthesis, plant biomass per 1 m2; shoot weight, the weight of stem and panicle and their share in the shoot weight. At the stage of full ripeness we determined harvest index (Ih), crop lodging, productivity and elements of its structure. Intensive varieties used the most part of macronutrients for grain formation; it caused the increase of grain quantity per panicle up to 83.0-86.0 grains, per 1 m2 of sowing – up to 45,500-51,400 grains and the increase in grain fraction in the total shoot biomass up to 45.5-47.3 %. Extensive varieties used the larger part of assimilates for the formation of more massive stems, which led to the increase in lodging resistance and the decrease in Ih to 37.6-41.1 %, the number of grains per panicle – to 60.8-68.8 grains, number of grains per 1 m2 of sowing – to 35,900-39,200 grains. These signs had close connections with Ih: the correlation coefficient of grain number per panicle with Ih was 0.65-0.87, with grain number per 1 m2 – 0.90-0.93, with lodging – 0.88-0.94, with productivity – 0.91-0.86..
Keywords: rice, variety type, assimilates, harvest index, productivity, lodging.
Author Details: M.A. Skazhennik, D. Sc. (Biol.) head of laboratory (Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.); N.V. Vorob’ev, D. Sc. (Biol.), leading research fellow; V.S. Kovalev, D. Sc. (Agr.) prof., deputy director; A.Ch. Udzhukhu, D. Sc. (Agr.), main research associate; I.V. Balyasnyi, competitor, deputy director.
For citation: Skazhennik M.A., Vorob’ev N.V., Kovalev V.S., Udzhukhu A.Ch., Balyasnyi I.V. Harvest Index and Its Connection with Yield Formation and Elements of Yield Structure of Rice Varieties. Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK. 2017. Vol. 31. No. 2. Pp. 29-31 (in Russ.).