I.I. Slepsov, A.V. Chugunov, E.N. Ilina
Yakutsk State Agricultural Academy, ul. Krasil’nikova, 15, Yakutsk, 677007, Russian Federation
Abstract. In the 1960-70s it was an attempt to the widespread introduction of industrial crossing in cattle-breeding of Yakutia. However, in the breeding of crossbred cattle some disadvantages in the technologies of feeding and keeping were made. As a result, the goal of increasing the volume of beef production was not achieved. Since 2012 the import of beef cattle breeds from Siberia has begun. The main technological principle of work organization in farms, growing meat breeds of cattle, should be the system “cow-calf”; this is a method of growing suckling calves up to the age of 7-8 months in order to achieve a live weight of 180-200 kg. Under unfavorable climate and farm conditions of the republic it is difficult to organize a year-round intensive growing of meat calves, especially to achieve the daily gain of 800-1000 grams during the eight-month period of winter keeping, so during the stable period more moderate growth rate (600-650 g) is enough. In winter it is acceptable the technology of keeping and feeding of meat calves and cows in accommodations of the lightened type on deep litter, and during spring months – on the open areas. One head of young animal requires 2.0-2.5 ha at pasture management; the duration of fattening with a feeding by concentrates is 3.5-4.0 months; the daily gain is 800-1000 g; the final live weight is 420-430 kg. The two-month autumn fattening of calves, weighted less than 370 kg after the summer fattening, is organized in the open air, with a feed structure: 55-70 % of the coarse feed, 15 % of the succulent feed and 20-30 % of the concentrated feed. The first scheme of development of a local meat type of cattle is the use of genotypes of Yakut cattle and Summential breed (maternal forms) and meat Kalmyk and Hereford breeds (male parents). The second scheme is the crossing of meat breeds (maternal forms) and the bulls of local breeds (male parents). The purpose of the scientific and production work is to obtain crosses of the second generation and their further breeding.
Keywords: cattle import, meat cattle-breeding, crossing, local type of cattle, keeping technology.
Author Details: I.I. Slepsov, Cand. Sc. (Econ.), rector; A.V. Chugunov, D. Sc. (Agr.), prof.; E.N. Ilina, Cand. Sc. (Agr.), acting assoc. prof. (e-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.).
For citation: Slepsov I.I., Chugunov A.V., Ilina E.N. Tasks of Intensification of Meat Calves Growing in Yakutia. Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK. 2017. V. 31. No. 2. Pp. 52-54 (in Russ.).