S.N. Belova1, E.A.Kishnyaykina1, N.A. Larina2
1Kemerovo State Agricultural Institute, ul. Markovtseva, 5, Kemerovo, 650056, Russian Federation
2Kemerovo Research Institute of Agriculture of the SFRCAB of the RAS, ul. Tsentral’naya, 47, pos. Novostroika, Kemerovskii r-n, Kemerovskaya obl., 650510, Russian Federation
Abstract. Studies were carried out to study the reasons of low output of calves and to develop measures to improve the reproductive qualities of cows. The work was carried out in OOO “Leninsk-Kuznetsky Stud Farm”. The cows of the Black-and-White breed were the objects of the research. There were 400 cows, the insemination index of which got worse since 2012 to 2014 and amounted 2.2 (with the optimum of 1.5). The duration of the service period in 2014 rose by 104 days compared to the optimal one. The majority of cows from the main herd were animals of the first and second calving: 30 and 31 %, respectively. In the study period the average duration of economic use did not exceed 2.5 lactations. The highest percentage of cow rejection (36.5 %) was caused by the diseases of extremities. Diets of pregnant dry cows and heifers were not biologically valuable: the cellulose content was higher by 68.4 % in comparison with the norm; the inclusion of a large amount of silage in the diets caused acidosis. It was noted the tension of metabolism in the organisms of cows, related to the imbalance of diets. In dry, newly-calved and lactating cows phosphorus and potassium metabolism was upset, which caused labor paresis, diseases of extremities, and increase in the duration of service-period. The total protein in blood serum in cows from all groups was increased in spring period on average by 21.3 %, the glucose level in blood was below the norm by 13%. Unbalanced feeding by low-quality forage resulted in the development of dysbiosis in cows. Improper use of animals and imbalanced feeding resulted in a violation of the metabolic processes in the body, leading to a deterioration of the reproductive functions – lower output of calves. Economic losses from non-received production were 17663 rubles per head in the prices of 2014.
Keywords: reproductive ability, losses, diets, metabolism, economic losses.
Author Details: S.N. Belova, Cand. Sc. (Agr.), assoc. prof., (е-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.); E.A. Kishnyaykina, senior lecturer (е-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.); N.A. Larina, Cand. Sc. (Agr.), assoc. prof., leading research fellow (е-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.).
For citation: Belova S.N., Kishnyaykina E.A., Larina N.A. Analysis of the Reasons of Low Output of Calves and Development of Measures to Improve the Reproductive Qualities of Cows. Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK. 2017. V. 31. No. 2. Pp. 55-58 (in Russ.).