N.V. Aldoshin, A.A. Zolotov, A.S. Tsigutkin
Russian State Agrarian University - Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, ul. Timiryazevskaya, 49, Moskva, 127550, Russian Federation
Abstract. Due to the different technological properties of grain in mixed crops it is expedient to harvest them by combines with the classical threshing-separating system at two passages. The optimal time for harvesting lupine-cereal crops is when 90 % of lupine beans got brown and seed humidity is 16-18 %. In this case the losses of triticale grain due to the underthreshing are 0.5 %, and grain damage is 1.5 %. It meets the agrotechnical requirements for harvesting cereal and legume crops. In rotary combines the process of threshing and separation occurs in one apparatus, which is threshing and separating grain simultaneously. Changing the intensity of separation process in the rotary operating tools provides minimization of grain losses even in the cases of high crop yield, higher moisture and weed presence. In such threshing-separating systems (TSS) there are rather large technological gaps between the rotor and concave. Because of the repeated action on the bulk the threshing process is effective. The larger part of grain in rotary TSS is separated because of the wiping from spikelets, but not of the impact of rasps, as in the traditional threshing apparatus. At the use of the sequential combination of axially-rotary TSSes with a tangential feed of bulk the transporter of inclined chamber tangentially gives the processed bulk to the rotor of the first threshing-separating system, tuned in the “soft” operating mode, where seeds of the easily threshed legume crop are separated completely. It is ensured by a large area of threshing and separation. A part of grain crop is threshed and separated simultaneously. The other variant of usage of axially-rotary TSSes during the harvesting of mixed crops can be realized by its separation into two parts, each of them ensured threshing and separation of one of the cultures. It is also possible to propose an axially-rotary TSS with a two-section rotor with a tangential entry part. Each part of the rotor has threshing and separating parts.
Keywords: seeding rate, mixed crops, cereal crop, legume crops, method of harvesting, combine harvester, threshing-separating device.
Author Details: N.V. Aldoshin, D. Sc. (Tech.), head of department (e-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.); A.A. Zolotov, Cand. Sc. (Tech.), prof.; A.S. Tsigutkin, Cand. Sc. (Biol.), head of laboratory.
For citation: Aldoshin N.V., Zolotov A.A., Tsigutkin A.S. Technological Aspects of Harvesting of White Lupine with Spring Triticale. Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK. 2017. V. 31. No. 2. Pp. 73-76 (in Russ.).