Z.I. Usanova, M.N. Pavlov
Tver State Agricultural Academy, ul. Marshala Vasilevskogo (Sakharovo), 7, Tver, 170904, Russian Federation
Summary. The purpose of the research was to study the effect of mineral nutrition on the formation of the most productive agrocenosis of different on earliness cultivars of Jerusalem artichoke when changing the length of daylight. The work was carried out in a field multifactor experiment in 2014–2015 on sod medium podzolic light loamy soil. The design of the test included the following factors: background of mineral nutrition (factor A), variety (factor B), date of shading (factor C) and duration of shading (factor D). The backgrounds of mineral nutrition were without fertilizers and the calculated dose of NPK for the yield of 40 tons of tops and 40 tons of tubers. It was used two varieties: early-maturing Skorospelka and late-ripening Interes. The date of shading was from the 10th and the 20th day after seedling emergence; the duration was 10, 20 and 30 days. The natural daylight was a control. Under conditions of the Upper Volga region against the fertilized background, Jerusalem artichoke plants formed a highly productive cenosis. The harvest of dry biomass of Skorospelka variety obtained 18.4 t/ha, of green one – 72.5 t/ha. For Interes variety these values were 20.2 and 80.6 t/ha, respectively. Yield increase from fertilizers for Skorospelka is higher (41.2 % for tops and 65.4 % for tubers) than for Interes (34.5 % for tops and 39.1 % for tubers). The late-ripening variety Interes stronger responds to the reduction of daylight hours; it accelerates the development by 45 days and at the same time increases productivity by 19.5–19.7 %. Skorospelka variety accelerates the development by 10 days and increases the yield by 11.1–13.3 %.The maximum productivity increase for the cultivar Skorospelka is obtained against the fertilized background with 30-day shading since the 10th day and 20-day shading since the 20th day. For the Interes variety, it is obtained at 20-day shading since the 10th day and 10-day shading since the 20th day after seedling emergence. Against the unfertilized background, both cultivars respond to the reduction of daylight hours to a lesser degree.
Keywords: Jerusalem artichoke, photoperiodism, shading, fertilizer, cultivars, background of mineral nutrition, photosynthesis, productivity.
Author Details: Z.I. Usanova, D. Sc. (Agr.), prof. (e-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.); M.N. Pavlov, post-graduate student.
For citation: Usanova Z.I., Pavlov M.N. Influence of Mineral Nutrition Background and Photoperiodism on Yield Formation of Jerusalem Artichoke Cultivars and Agrocenosis Productivity. Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK. 2016. V.30. No 5. Pp. 64-68 (In Russ.).