N.A. Kovtunova
All-Russian Research Institute of Grain Crops named after I.G. Kalinenko, Nauchny Gorodok, 3, Zernograd, Rostovskaya obl., 347740, Russian Federation
Summary. The investigations were carried out at the test plot of FGBNU “All-Russian Research Institute of Grain Crops” (Zernograd) in 2010–2015. The purpose of the study was to reveal the interconnection between the duration of vegetation period, the stages of growth and development of Sudan grass with weather conditions. The soil of the experimental plot was carbonaceous heavy loamy typical chernozem. Five varieties of Sudan grass from the competitive test (Aleksandrina, Anastasiya, Arkadiya, Krasava, Miledi) were taken as the material for the experiments. Two mowings of green mass were carried out during ear formation. The duration of the period till flowering is crucial in the determination of the vegetation period. The duration of the period “sowing – shoots” has a slight effect on green mass yield. The variation of the value of this index was at the level of 12 %. It denotes a weak dependence of the trait on the environmental conditions. An essential period of the growth and development of Sudan grass is “shoots – ear formation”. High temperatures reduce this period, and a lot of precipitations increases it (r was -0.36 and r was 0.67). The average air temperature played a crucial role in the duration of the period (r was -0.79). It was determined the average negative correlation of the period “ear formation – flowering” with the average air temperature (r was -0.30) and the sum of temperatures (r was -0.36); and it was determined the average positive correlation with the precipitations (r was 0.53). The duration of the periods “flowering – milky-wax ripeness” and “milky-wax ripeness – complete ripeness” is determined mainly by the average air temperature (r was -0.81) and the amount of precipitations during the period (r was 0.71). The duration of vegetation was from 85 days to 106 days. The vegetation period reduced on 3.4 days as the air temperature increased on 1 Celsius degree, and the vegetation period increased on 1.7 days as the amount of precipitations increased on 10 mm.
Keywords: Sudan grass, air temperature, precipitations, stages of organogenesis, growth and development of plants, correlation, variability.
Author Details: N.A. Kovtunova, Cand. Sc. (Agr.) leading research fellow (e-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.).
For citation: Kovtunova N.A. Biological Peculiarities of Growth and Development of Sudan Grass. Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK. 2016. Vol. 30. No.6. Pp. 48-51 (in Russ.).