E.P. Renev, D.I. Eremin, D.V. Eremina
Research Agricultural Institute of the Northern Trans-Urals, ul. Burlaki, 2, pos. Moskovskii, Tyumenskii r-n, Tyumenskaya obl., 625501, Russian Federation
State Agrarian University of the Northern Trans-Urals, Roshchinskoe shosse, 18, Tyumen’, 625041, Russian Federation
Abstract. Now all chernozems of the south of Tyumen region are involved in agricultural rotation and are intensively used. Therefore, it is necessary to find soils most similar to chernozems on fertility taking into account their regional features. Meadow-chernozem soils are the most fertile in Tyumen region, but most of them are united with chernozems on soil maps because of the difficulty of diagnosing. At the same time not less than 25,000 hectares of meadow-chernozem soils not currently under cultivation. Reserves of humus in the humus layer of meadow-chernozem soils are 375 t/ha, that is higher by 30 % than the stocks of chernozems. The subsoil waters which are lying down at the depth of 3-5 meters make a positive impact on the effective fertility of meadow-chernozem soils; the accumulation of nitrogen of the current nitrification is 80 kg/ha, that is one-third higher than in chernozem. The expansion of croplands is possible at the expense of chernozem-meadow and dark gray forest soils, which do not yield to chernozems according to the potential fertility and are suitable for plowing with the minimum expenses for their improvement. The area of meadow soils is about 1 million hectares in the south of Tyumen region, which is 40 % from the area of high-fertile soils. High groundwater occurrence (1-2 meters) does these soils cold, which influences on their effective fertility. At their use, it is necessary to develop the processing system directed on fast warming up of the arable layer. The subtype of gray forest soils is characterized by low stocks of humus – 50 t/ha, high acidity – 5.1 units, and low degree of a saturation by the bases – 67 % from the cation-exchange capacity. Therefore these soils are recommended to be involved in the arable fund only after their long use as forage lands.
Keywords: Western Siberia, agriculture, chernozem, meadow-chernozem soil, meadow soil, gray forest soils, fertility, arable land, humus, nutrients.
Author Details: E.P. Renev, Cand. Sc. (Agr.), director; D.I. Eremin, D. Sc. (Biol.), prof.; D.V. Eremina, Cand. Sc. (Agr.), assoc. prof.
For citation: Renev E.P., Eremin D.I., Eremina D.V. Estimation of the Main Indicators of Fertility of Soils Most Appropriate for Expansion of Croplands in Tyumen Region. Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK. 2017. Vol. 31. No. 4. Pp. 27-31 (in Russ.).