T.V. Zhidekhina, O.S. Rodyukova, I.V. Gur’eva
I.V. Michurin All-Russian Research Institute of Horticulture, ul. Michurina, 30, Michurinsk, Tambovskaya obl., 393764, Russian Federation
Abstract. The investigations were carried out in 2011-2015 in order to study the influence of biotic and abiotic environmental factors in the Chernozem region on the flowering and fructification of 20 varieties of blackcurrant, developed in different breeding institutions in the Russian Federation and abroad. The research was carried out оn the experimental plots of the I.V. Michurin All-Russian Research Institute of Horticulture using standard methods for cultivar study. The scheme of plant distribution was 3.5 x 1.0 m, the soil type was medium leached chernozem. Local and introduced varieties of blackcurrant required 1 degree of warm per 9.8-16.3 degrees of winter frost for the beginning of vegetation and 2.5-3.1 degrees – for blossoming. Under conditions of climate change, it was observed a direct relationship between the degree of flowering and precipitation over the preceding period: the correlation coefficient was from 0.489 (‘Cherny Zhemchug’) to 0.882 (‘Barmalej’). The relationship between the accumulated temperatures and the degree of blooming was weaker and ranged from -0.284 (‘Kanakhama’) to -0.594 (‘Barmalej’). It was a close correlation between productivity and the degree of blossoming and fructification; r = 0.654 and r = 0.963, respectively. We determined the correlation between yield and plant susceptibility to American powdery mildew (r = -0.461), anthracnose (r = -0.322) and damaging by spider mites (r = -0.530) and big bud mite (r = -0.710). Blackcurrant varieties ‘Barmalej’, ‘Venera’, ‘Vospominanie’, ‘Strelets’, ‘Tamerlan’, ‘Chernavka’ and ‘Shaluniya’ were characterized by high resistance to fungal diseases. High resistance to mites was registered in the varieties ‘Zelenaya Dymka’, ‘Kipiana’, ‘Strelets’, ‘Tatianin Den’, ‘Charodey’ and ‘Chernavka’. Varieties ‘Strelets’ and ‘Chernavka’ were distinguished by the complex resistance to a number of diseases and pests during the cultivation in the central part of the country under unstable weather conditions. The following varieties had the maximum productivity under unstable conditions of the Chernozem Region: ‘Charodej’ and ‘Cherny Zhemchug’ (8.0 t/ha), ‘Shaluniya’ (8.6 t/ha), ‘Bagira’, ‘Zelenaya Dymka’, ‘Tamerlan’ and ‘Tatianin Den’ (8.9 t/ha), ‘Vospominanie’ (9.1 t/ha) and ‘Chernavka’ (9.4 t/ha).
Keywords: blackcurrant, blossoming, fructification, productivity, sum of effective temperatures, mean daily temperature, amount of precipitation.
Author Details: T.V. Zhidyokhina, Cand. Sc. (Agr.), head of division (e-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.); O.S. Rodyukova, Cand. Sc. (Agr.), senior research fellow; I.V. Gur’eva, junior research fellow.
For citation: Zhidyokhina T.V., Rodyukova O.S., Gur’eva I.V. Influence of Biotic and Abiotic Environmental Factors on the Productivity of Blackcurrant. Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK. 2017. Vol. 31. No. 4. Pp. 68-71 (in Russ.).