S.I. Kokonov, A.A. Nikitin
Izhevsk State Agricultural Academy, ul. Studencheskaya, 11, Izhevsk, 426069, Russian Federation
Abstract. We studied the fodder productivity of Sudan grass and its mixtures with leguminous crops in 2013-2016 on sod medium podzol medium loamy soils with a content of humus of 1.6-3.3 %, of mobile phosphorus – 87-279 mg/kg and of exchange potassium – 104-359 mg/kg; with subacid and close to neutral reaction; рН(KCl) was 5.1-5.7. The aim of this work was to optimize the date of harvesting of mixed crops of Sudan grass with leguminous crops contributing to the increase in forage productivity. In the experiment Sudan grass was sown in single-crop sowing (3 million of germinating seeds per hectare), as well as in mixtures with spring and winter vetch (2 million + 1 million) and peas (2 million + 0.6 million). Harvesting was carried out in the phases of elongation, ear formation and milk ripeness of grain of Sudan grass. We determined the effectiveness of cultivation of Sudan grass in mixture with legumes, as evidenced by the increase in the yield of dry matter up to 5.20-5.93 t/ha, which is 17-33 % higher than the productivity in monoculture. On average, a significant increase in the collection of crude protein up to 0.91-1.02 t/ha and output of metabolizable energy up to 54.5-61.0 GJ/ha in mixed crops was promoted by the decline in the share of weeds by 6-7 % of the number of plants and by 4-5 % of their weight. The harvesting of the studied agrocenosis in the phase of milk ripeness of grain of Sudan grass provided the formation of the highest yield of the single-crop sowing (5.54 t/ha of dry matter), mixed crops with spring vetch (6.73 t/ha), winter vetch (6.99 t/ha), and pea (8.05 t/ha). The cultivation of Sudan grass in mixture with pea and harvesting in the stage of milk ripeness contribute to the formation of the greatest forage productivity: 8.05 t/ha of dry matter, 1.45 t/ha of crude protein, 80.7 GJ/ha of metabolizable energy.
Keywords: Sudan grass, agrocenosis, harvesting date, forage productivity, botanical composition.
Author Details: Kokonov S.I., Doc. Sc. (Agr.), prof. (e-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.); Nikitin A.A., post graduate student.
For citation: Kokonov S.I., Nilitin A.A. Forage Productivity of Agrocenosis of Sudan Grass with Leguminous Crops Depending on the Time of Harvesting. Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK. 2017. Vol. 31. No. 4. Pp. 72-74 (in Russ.).