E.S. Davidyants, F.V. Eroshenko
Stavropol Agricultural Research Institute, ul. Nikonova, 49, Mikhailovsk, Stavropol’skii krai, 356241, Russian Federation
Abstract. The goal of this review was to evaluate the current condition of production of the high-quality grain of winter wheat in Stavropol Krai over the last 15 years (2001–2016). It was determined a stable trend to decline in its quality: in 2001–2005 the share of wheat of the 3rd class was 47.5 %, in 2010–2015 it was 31.3 %, and in 2016 it was only 18 %. The main influencing factors were an increase in the average annual temperature, an increase in precipitation during the vegetation period of winter wheat, the change in the varietal composition (the reduction of the share of strong varieties 2 times and the increase in the share of valuable in quality varieties). The volume of applied mineral fertilizers for winter wheat in the region reached 123,900 tons, but it is insufficient, as there is approximately a half of the scientifically based needs. Late foliar nitrogen fertilization of winter wheat is carried out on a relatively small area of crops – 95–384 thousand hectares, which is approximately 5–21 % of the whole area, occupied by winter wheat. Due to the use of effective means of plant protection a decrease in damage to crops by shield-backed bugs occurred from 55.2–55.6 % in 2009–2010 to 28.6–40.7 % in 2015–2016, and the extent of damage of grain by this pest reduced from 0.8 to 0.4 %. The analysis allowed to propose a series of measures aimed at improving the production of high-quality grain. They are to increase the use of organic and mineral fertilizers; to strengthen control over the yield formation and grain quality; to use late foliar nitrogen fertilization; to expand the application of growth regulators of a new generation, enhancing the stress resistance of plants; to carry out all agrotechnical and protective measures in time, ensuring safe level of phytosanitary situation; to carry out harvesting at the optimum time and to withstand the required operating practices at the processing and storage of grain; to improve the breeding work.
Keywords: winter wheat, grain quality, climatic factors, gluten, variety, nitrogen fertilizers, biological preparations, plant growth regulators.
Author Details: E.S. Davidyants, Cand. Sc. (Chem.), senior research fellow (e-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.); F.V. Eroshenko, D. Sc. (Biol.), head of division.
For citation: Davidyants E.S., Eroshenko F.V. Current State, Trends and Ways for Production Optimization of High-Quality Grain of Winter Wheat in Stavropol Krai. Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK. 2017. V. 31. No. 6. Pp. 21-26 (in Russ.).