Yu.Ya. Spiridonov, M.S. Sokolov, G.S. Bosak
All-Russian Research Institute of Phytopathology , ul. Institut, vl. 5, r. p. Bol’shie Vyazemy, Odintsovskii r-n, Moskovskaya obl.,143050, Russian Federation
Abstract. We studied the efficiency of chemical plant protection means, such as protectants, herbicides, fungicides, insecticides in long-term field experiments (2008–2014) with winter wheat ‘Moskovskaya 39’ on sod-podzolic soil of Moscow region. The purpose of the research was to evaluate their biological and economic efficacy depending on the fertility level and presowing cultivation of the soil. Grain yield losses from weeds, pests and diseases consistently exceeded 25 %. The relative damage from root rot was estimated at 16 %, phytophages – 20 %, diseases оf leaves and ears – 25 %, weeds – 38 %. Despite the relatively high biological effectiveness of most of the tested pesticides (76–90 %), the greatest economic effect was only provided by a complex (integrated) application. At three fertility levels (N0P0K0, N60P60K60, N90P90K90) the efficiency of fertilizers in the variants with chemical means of plant protection after pre-sowing cultivation was 510-590 kg/ha, in the variant with spring plowing it was 140-570 kg/ha. In the absence of pesticides it was 1.69–2.21 and 0.64-2.24 t/ha, respectively. As a result of long-term field experiments the best economic efficiency was provided by shallow presowing cultivation against the background of mineral fertilizers (N90P90K90) in combination with a full protection circuit of wheat (Kinto Duo SC, 1.5 l/t + Serto Plus WDG, 200 g/ha in the phase of tillering + BI-58 New EC + Fastak EC, 1.0 + 0.15 l/ha in the phases of booting and earing + Rex Duo SC + Abakus ES, 0.6 l/ha + 1.75 l/ha in the phases of booting and earing). Every ruble invested in the protection of wheat made a profit from 5.2 to 9.3 rubles depending on wheat productivity.
Keywords: integrated protection, pre-sowing soil cultivation, mineral fertilizers, sod-podzolic, medium loamy, middle-cultivated soil.
Author Details: Yu.Ya. Spidironov, member of the RAS, head of division (e-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.); M.S. Sokolov, member of the RAS, science advisor (e-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.); G.S. Bosak, leading engineer.
For citation: Spidironov Yu.Ya., Sokolov M.S., Bosak G.S. Optimized Production Technology of Winter Wheat in the Central Non-Chernozem Zone of the Russian Federation. Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK. 2017. Vol. 31. No. 6. Pp. 27-30 (in Russ.).