V.N. Shoba, V.K. Kalichkin, S.A. Kim, A.V. Kalichkin
Siberian Research Institute of Farming and Chemicalization of Agriculture of the SFRCAB of the RAS, pos. Krasnoobsk, Novosibirskaya obl., 630501, Russian Federationn
Abstract. The article summarizes the results of studies of technologies for the cultivation of spring wheat of different levels of intensification on medium loamy leached chernozems of the central forest-steppe Priobsky agrolandscape area within Novosibirsk region of Western Siberia in 2013–2016. In the four-field grain-fallow crop rotation the highest yield (3.70–4.10 t/ha) and the economic effect (cost was 3,250–3,720 RUB/t) of spring wheat cultivation were achieved in the variants with intensive technologies, where the main means of chemicalization are used, such as high doses of mineral fertilizers and a complex of plant protection products against weeds, pests and diseases. In normal technologies, in which only herbicides and moderate doses of fertilizers are usually used, these indicators are lower (respectively, 2.60–3.45 t/ha and 3,000–3,900 RUB/t). However, intensive technologies are rarely used due to the significant additional costs of using high doses of fertilizers and the risks of low payback of fertilizers in dry years. Therefore, the use of normal technologies, in which, together with moderate doses of fertilizers, herbicides, fungicides, growth regulators and microfertilizers are used, is more appropriate. The use of fungicides or their combination with growth regulators and microfertilizers in normal technologies increases the average yield of spring wheat by more than 0.70 t/ha with a reduction in the cost of grain production on 450–590 RUB/t. In terms of yields and economic efficiency, this brings them closer to intensive technologies, but at the same time significantly reduces the risks of agricultural production under adverse weather conditions.
Keywords: spring wheat, grain-fallow crop rotation, extensive, regular, intensive technologies, microfertilizers, growth regulators, productivity, cost price.
Author Details: V.N. Shoba, D. Sc. (Biol.), chief research fellow (e-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.); V.K. Kalichkin, D. Sc. (Agr.), chief research fellow; S.A. Kim, Cand. Sc. (Agr.), head of laboratory; A.V. Kalichkin, research fellow.
For citation: Shoba V.N., Kalichkin V.K., Kim S.A., Kalichkin A.V. Reserves to Increase Yield of Spring Wheat in the Forest-Steppe of Western Siberia. Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK. 2017. Vol. 31. No. 6. Pp. 31-33 (in Russ.).