V.I. Turusov, A.S. Chekanyshkin
V.V. Dokuchaev Research Institute of Agriculture of the Central Black-Earth Zone, kvartal 5, 81, pos. 2 uchastka Instituta imeni Dokuchaeva, Talovskii r-n, Voronezhskaya obl., 397463, Russian Federation
Abstract. The purpose of the research was a state value of a forest reclamation complex of Kamennaya Steppe and its role in stabilization of the ecological environment of agrolandscapes. The total area of the existing protective forests in the territory of FGUP “Dokuchaevskoe” and V.V. Dokuchaev Research Institute of Agriculture of the Central Black-Earth Zone is 635.8 hectares. According to a functional purpose, protective forest belts occupy 67.1 % from a total area of such plantations, erosion-preventive – 20.8 %, adjoining farms – 7.9 %, garden-protective forest belts – 3.5 %, forest seed plantations – 0.7 %. The bulk of wood (79.3 %) is formed by the middle-aged and ripe plantations: 42.5 and 36.8 %, respectively. The share of young trees is 6.2 %, of ripening plants – 14.5 %. Under the protection of wood plantations, ecological conditions improve: wind speed reduces by 30–50 %, relative humidity of air increases on 4–8 %, additional humidifying of fields due to snow accumulation is 47 mm, unproductive evaporation of moisture decreases by 15–25 %. The average increase in cereal yield is 15–20 %, sunflower – 10–15 %, millet – 26–29 %, sugar beet and silage cultures – 20–36 %, grasses – 80–90 %. Before planning of wood belts, 12 species of mammals and 47 species of birds lived in Kamennaya Steppe. Now the fauna totals 30 species of mammals and 179 species of birds. At the same time, for the last 15–20 years a lot of hollow trees (up to 5–8 % in some plantations) appeared in grown-up plantations as a result of a lesion by fungi and bacterial diseases. There are problems of keeping of their high ameliorative properties, a good sanitary state and recreation. It is observed a total absence of seed undergrowth of the main species, English oak, as an undesirable direction of a succession of forest plants with the threat of elimination of the oak from parent forest stands.
Keywords: forest reclamation complex, agrolandscapes, productivity of plantings, Kamennaya Steppe, ecological situation, fauna, succession of forest plants.
Author Details: V.I. Turusov, D. Sc. (Agr.), member of the RAS, director (е-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.); A.S. Chekanyshkin, Cand. Sc. (Agr.), senior research fellow.
For citation:Turusov V.I., Chekanyshkin A.S. Forest Reclamation Complex as the Factor of Ecological Stabilization of Agrolandscapes of Kamennaya Steppe. Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK. 2017. Vol. 31. No. 6. Pp. 54-57 (in Russ.).