V.V. Toshchev
State Center of Agrochemical Service “Sverdlovskii”, ul. Furmanova, 109, Ekaterinburg, 620144, Russian Federation
Abstract. The aim of the research was to analyze the dynamics of agrochemical parameters of soils in Sverdlovsk region for the period of 1964 through 2016. The modern state of the soils of the region is characterized by unfavorable ratio and a negative balance of nutrients. Practically in all districts of the region, on all types of soils, the development of degradation processes is observed. The main agroecological problem in Sverdlovsk region, which reduces the effectiveness of agriculture, is decalcification and acidification of soils. To date, 64.8 % of 1.3 million hectares of arable land fall on acidic soils, including 27 % for strong and medium-acid soils. The replenishment of calcium losses is possible only by liming, which is necessary to be annually carried out in the area of not less than 50–60 thousand hectares. Since the beginning of the XXI century, a significant decrease in the humus content was observed, when the application of organic fertilizers reduced to 1.5–1.7 t/ha; and, as a result, 529 thousand hectares of arable land (41 %) today are characterized by low and medium provision with humus, and its weighted average content decreased by 0.4 %. To maintain a deficit-free balance of humus, an annual application of 8–10 tons of litter manure per 1 ha of arable land, as well as an increase in the role of biological factors, is necessary. Since 1986–1990, the annual carry-over of phosphorus with a crop significantly exceeds its intake. As a result, the weighted average content of its mobile forms in the soils of Sverdlovsk region decreased from 169.14 to 107.37 mg/kg. Given the high cost of mineral fertilizers, to solve this problem we can recommend the introduction of phosphate flour, the use of which simultaneously reduces the acidity of the soil. The average weighted potassium content for the same period decreased from 153.27 to 135.47 mg/kg (by 22 %).
Keywords: soil, fertility, monitoring, agrochemical survey, phosphorus, potassium, humus, acidity.
Author Details: V.V. Toshchev, director (е-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.).
For citation: Toshchev V.V. Results of Soil Fertility Monitoring in Sverdlovsk Region. Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK. 2017. Vol. 31. No. 8. Pp. 16-22 (in Russ.).