Yu.V. Goryanikov1, V.Yu. Kalakhanova2, E.V. Tamova2
1Ministry of Agriculture of the Karachay-Cherkess Republic, ul. Kavkazskaya, 19, Cherkessk, Karachaevo-Cherkesskaya Respublika, 369000, Russian Federation
2Center of Agrochemical Service “Karachaevo-Cherkesskii”, ul. Polevaya, 43a, Cherkessk, Karachaevo-Cherkesskaya Respublika, 369012, Russian Federation
Abstract. The article presents the dynamics of changes and the modern state of agrochemical characteristics of soil fertility of the agricultural land in the Karachayevo-Cherkessian Republic, as well as agrochemical and economic appraisal of fertilizer application. In 2016 the content of organic matter (humus) in arable lands averaged 4.6 % over the subject of the Federation. The highest value of this indicator is characteristic for Khabezsky (5.2 %) and Malokarachaevsky (5.1 %) districts, the lowest one – for Urupsky (4.1 %) and Ust-Dzhegutinsky (4.1 %) districts. On January 1, 2017, acid soils (pH 4.1–5.5) in Karachay-Cherkessia occupied 13,700 ha or 10.8 % of the area surveyed in 2016. The average weighted content of phosphorus over the republic was 24.3 mg/kg and varied from 14.5 mg/kg in Urupsky district to 29.4 mg/kg in Prikubansky district. The area of soils with the decreased content of phosphorus is 52,300 ha or 39 % of arable lands. The greatest share of arable lands with the decreased content of phosphorus is characteristic for Urupsky, Zelenchuksky and Ust-Dzhegutinsky districts. Soils with decreased content of potassium over the region occupy 30,800 ha or 23 % of arable lands; the average weighted value of this indicator is 264 mg/kg. Even at relatively low doses (23.8–71.6 kg/ha of active substances), the application of 1 kg of mineral fertilizers ensured the addition of the yield of winter wheat at the level of 7.2 kg, of corn for grain – 7.8 kg, of sunflower – 0.84 kg, of potato – 23.4 kg.
Keywords: soil fertility, structure of agricultural lands, agrochemical survey of soil, application of mineral fertilizers, liming, plastering, efficiency of chemicalization means.
Author Details: Yu.V. Goryanikov, Cand. Sc. (Agr.), head of division; V.Yu. Kalakhanova, head of division (e-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.); E.V. Tamova, head of division.
For citation: Goryanikov Yu.V., Kalakhanova V.Yu., Tamova E.V. Agrochemical, Ecological and Toxicological Soil Conditions, Efficiency of Application of Chemicalization means in the Karachayevo-Cherkessian Republic. Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK. 2017. Vol. 31. No. 8. Pp. 23-27 (in Russ.).