P.N. Mal’chikov, M.G. Myasnikova
N.M. Tulajkov Samara Research Institute of Agriculture, ul. K. Marksa, 41, pos. Bezenchuk, Bezenchukskii r-n, Samarskaya obl., 446254, Russian Federation
Abstract. The assortment of spring durum wheat in the Volga region and in the Urals has a number of shortcomings, which could be overcome by breeding methods. In this regard, a new cultivar ‘Bezenchukskaya Zolotistaya’ of this crop was created. The aim of the research was to give a comprehensive description of the methods of its development, as well as of approbatory and economically valuable traits, expressing under various environmental conditions. The cultivar was described and evaluated according to the main characteristics on the basis of experiments, carried out during the breeding process (in the system of the main competitive and interstate variety testing in different institutions of Russia and Kazakhstan), as well as in a special ecological and geographical experiment. It was organized in the system of geographical points: Volgograd (2014–2015), Bezenchuk (2014–2016), Barnaul (2014–2016), Kurgan (2016), Aktobe (Kazakhstan, 2016), Orenburg (2016). High grain productivity of the new cultivar, significantly surpassed the rates of the local standards, was noted in three ecological locations: Barnaul (2008) – 5.82 t/ha, Karabalyke (Kazakhstan, 2011) and Orel (2014) – 6.01 t/ha. The parameters of the most important sign – the grain productivity of the new variety – are characterized by the general adaptability (GAAi), relative stability (Sgi) and the breeding value of the genotype (BVGi). According to the results of environmental tests, these parameters significantly exceeded the corresponding indicators of cultivars, both from the previous stages of breeding, and modern ones included in the State register of the Russian Federation. The main characteristics of quality of grain, middlings and macaroni (weight and vitreousness of the grains, falling number, the color of middlings and the concentration of carotenoid pigments in it, SDS sedimentation, strength of macaroni) in Bezenchukskaya Zolotistaya are improved or are at the level of the standard varieties. Particularly significant progress in the breeding process of Bezenchukskaya Zolotistaya was achieved in terms of carotenoid content in grain, the color of middlings and macaroni, and falling number. The advantage of the new cultivar over Bezenchukskaya Stepnaya according to the content of carotenoids in grain was 31.5 %, falling number – 26.6 %, and the strength of macaroni – 10.2 %.
Keywords: variety, durum wheat, productivity, adaptability, quality, register, breeding achievement.
Author Details: P.N. Mal’chikov, D. Sc. (Agr.), head of laboratory (e-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.); M.G. Myasnikova, Cand. Sc. (Agr.), leading research fellow.
For citation: Mal’chikov P.N., Myasnikova M.G. Peculiarities of Spring Durum Wheat ‘Bezenchukskaya Zolotistaya’, Proposed for Economic Use in Seventh, Eighth, and Ninth Regions of Russia. Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK. 2017. Vol. 31. No. 8. Pp. 38-41 (in Russ.).