A.R. Tsyganov, I.V. Polkhovskaya
Belarusian State Academy of Agriculture, ul. Michurina, 5, Gorki, Mogilevskaya obl., 213407, Belarus
Abstract. The investigations were carried out on the territory of the experimental field of Belarusian State Agricultural Academy in order to optimize mineral nutrition of plants of buckwheat ‘Lakneya’ under conditions of sod-podzolic light loamy soil in the north-east of Belarus. An arable topsoil of the experimental plot was characterized by slightly acidic and close to neutral reaction of soil medium (pH(KCl) was 5.6–6.2), the content of total nitrogen of 0.10–0.15%, low content of humus (1.21–1.48% according to Tyurin), increased and high provision by mobile forms of phosphorus (245.6–276.0 mg/kg of soil according to Kirsanov) and increased content of mobile potassium (224.5–284.3 mg/kg of soil according to Kirsanov). In autumn, for buckwheat crops we applied ammophos (12% N, 50% P2O5) and potassium chloride (60% K2O), in spring before pre-sowing cultivation – carbamide (46% N). The control was the background without mineral fertilizers. Nitrogen fertilizers were applied in combination with potassium (90 kg of active substance/ha) and phosphorus ones (60 kg of active substance/ha) in the doses of N14, N30, N45, and N60. Variants N30K90, N30P30K90 and N30P60K90 were chosen for the study of the influence of phosphorus fertilizers on the development of buckwheat plants. The best dose of mineral fertilizers was N45P60K90. It ensured the increase in survivability of plants before harvesting by 14.1%, in seed yield – by 50% due to an increase in the number and weight of fruits per plant by 16.5 and 19.8%, respectively. On average over three years, the yield of good-quality fruits was 1.92 t/ha against this background of mineral nutrition with the content of protein of 12.1%, of cellulose – 12.3%, of fat – 1.6% and of ash – 2.0% ash; the profitability of production was 19.8%. Total economic output of nitrogen amounted to 89.5 kg/ha, phosphorus – 53.3 kg/ha, and potassium – 137.8 kg/ha.
Keywords: buckwheat, mineral fertilizers, plant density, yield, elements of yield structure, seed quality.
Author Details: A.R. Tsyganov, D. Sc. (Agr.), prof.; I.V. Polkhovskaya, applicant (e-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.).
For citation: Tsyganov A.R., Polkhovskaya I.V. Optimization of Mineral Nutrition of Buckwheat under Conditions of the North-East of the Republic of Belarus. Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK. 2017. Vol. 31. No. 10. Pp. 40-43 (in Russ.).