V.G. Zhukov, N.R. Andreev, V.A. Bakulin, E.N. Maleeva, N.S. Lukina
All-Russian Research Institute of Starch Products – Branch of V.M. Gorbatov Federal Research Center for Food Systems of RAS, ul. Nekrasova, 11, pos. Kraskovo, Moskovskaya obl., 140051, Russian Federation
Abstract. Energy consumption during grinding of fresh potato at potato and starch enterprises is much lower than when processing sluggish tubers after a long-term storage at which their deformation and strength properties change, worsening the effectiveness of crushing. Test data of tuber samples for compression and destruction charts allow estimating energy consumption for potato crushing while processing fresh and sluggish raw materials. Taking into account the features of the received destruction charts three reference zones and two subzones are shown in the chart for sluggish tubers: the first zone of reversible deformation, the second zone with an initial subzone of gradual destruction of cells and the following it subzone supplemented with the gradual, increasing merge of their cavities, the third zone of brittle destruction. According to the chart and its linear approximations, the graphs of change of the conventional modules of a longitudinal elasticity are made. Based on these materials, there were obtained formulas for four indicators of the degree of rigidity, linking different zones and their linear approximations, and four indicators, linking the two subzones. On a concrete example, a numerical estimate is made of the conditions for the applicability of the indicators, according to which their values are convenient for calculation and lie in the range from 0 to 1. Indicators developed for potatoes can be used to describe and calculate the design of shredders for other products of biological and plant raw materials with a cellular structure that has similar compression diagrams.
Keywords: potato tuber; vegetable raw materials; cell; turgor; sluggishness; rigidity; physical and mechanical properties; crushing; compression tests; samples; chart of destruction; nominal stress; strength limit; rigidity indices.
Author Details: V.G. Zhukov, D. Sc. (Tech.), chief research fellow (e-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.); N.R. Andreev, D. Sc. (Tech.), research fellow; V.A. Bakulin, Cand. Sc. (Tech.), head of division; E.N. Maleeva, head of division; N.S. Lukina, head of division.
For citation: Zhukov V.G., Andreev N.R., Bakulin V.A., Maleeva E.N., Lukina N.S. Three Types of Quantitative Indices of Rigidity Degree of Potato Tubers. Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK. 2017. Vol. 31. No. 10. Pp. 85-88 (in Russ.).