G.R. Khasanova, Kh.M. Safin, S.M. Yamalov
1Bashkiria State Agrarian University, ul. 50-letiya Oktyabrya, 34, Ufa, 450001, Russian Federation
2Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Bashkortostan, ul. Kirova, 15, Ufa, 450008, Russian Federation
3Botanic Garden-Institute of the Ufa Scientific Сenter of the RAS, ul. Mendeleeva, 195/3, Ufa, 450008, Russian Federation
Abstract. The aim of the work was to reveal the variety of field weed populations, which are formed on the fields with the no-till system, and also to study the peculiarities of their floral composition, in comparison with analogs, in the classical system of farming. The territory of the APC is located in the Trans-Ural steppe zone of the Republic of Bashkortostan. As a result of a geobotanical survey of fields in 2016–2017, 42 geobotanical descriptions were performed by standard methods in the communities of spring, technical and row crops, as well as chemical fallow in 7–8 years of using no-till technology. Phytocoenons were selected by using the TWINSPAN algorithm, TURBOVEG and JUICE software packages. To assess the degree of similarity of communities, the Sorensen coefficient was used. The diversity of field weed vegetation was represented by five phytocoenons. Phytocoenons combined field weed communities of separate crops: rape, flax, wheat, and also the chemical fallow. One phytocoenon united communities of two row crops: sunflower and corn. All selected phytocoenons had a common floristic core, which included 13 weed species, possessing a wide range on the gradients of climatic and agrophytocenotic factors. Most of the weeds were in the field weed communities of flax and wheat crops – more than 30 species, the smallest number was in rapeseed crops (12 species). A comparative analysis of the floristic composition of the flora of segetal communities, forming at no-till-technology and the classical farming system, showed their significant differences, especially for row crops. The Sorensen–Dice index of similarity between the communities is rather low – 0.44. The difference in the flora of the communities relates to the processes of mesophytization of the floristic composition of segetal communities with the use of no-till technology. So, with no-till technology the share of mesophytes in the communities of row crops was 88%, and in classical agriculture – only 61% in the core of the flora of conenoses. This is due to the exclusion of tillage and the presence of an abundant layer of crop residues that preserve soil moisture when using no-till technology.
Keywords: agrophytocenosis, zero tillage system, no-till technology, segetal flora, segetal communities, infestation, weed species.
Author Details: G.R. Khasanova, Cand. Sc. (Biol.), assoc. prof. (e-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.); Kh.M. Safin, D. Sc. (Agr.), Academician-Secretary; S.M. Yamalov, D. Sc. (Biol.), leading research fellow.
For citation: Khasanova G.R., Safin Kh.M., Yamalov S.M. Estimation of Infestation Level of Agrophytocenosis at the Zero System of Tillage (No-Till). Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK. 2017. Vol. 31. No. 11. Pp. 26-30 (in Russ.).