PROBLEMS OF DEVELOPMENT OF DAIRY ANIMAL HUSBANDRY IN RUSSIA AND MODERN APPROACHES TO THEIR SOLUTION

V.A. Sysuev¹, T.F.Vasilenko², R.V. Rusakov^1
1N.V. Rudnitskiy Zonal Research Institute of Agriculture of North-East, ul. Lenina, 166a, Kirov, 610007, Russian Federation
²Institute of Physiology of the Komi Scientific Centre of Ural branch of the RAS, ul. Pervomayskaya, 50, Syktyvkar, 167982, Russian Federation

Abstract. The purpose of the research was to reveal the factors that suppress the development rate of dairy animal husbandry in Russia and to determine the possible approaches for their elimination. The main problems of this sector include low profitability; reducing the number of milk cows and duration of their productive lives; reduction in the number of breeding stock; irrational use of agricultural land and, in particular, the reduction in the areas under forage crops, and the lack of prospects for the optimization of the structure of agricultural land; problems associated with the organization of balanced feed for production animals, including the lack of strategy for the development of adaptive (regional) feed production, development of feed rations on this basis, including the “perfect diet” for the optimal functioning of organisms and physiological systems of cows, as well as clarifying the rules regarding feed consumption by the cows with different productivity; lack of methods for health assessment of cows and their reproductive potential, suitable for the practice; low level of involvement of the scientific potential in the agricultural sector; the low level of implementation of scientific achievements in the field of animal husbandry. For the effective development of dairy farming in the Russian Federation, it is necessary to develop a system of measures to increase the period of economic use of cows and stabilize financial costs associated with the reproduction of the herd, reduce the cost of growing or purchasing pedigree stock. It is necessary to develop regional (adaptive) production of feeds and, on this basis, to create rational or “ideal” diets for cows of different ages and productivity. It is necessary to actively develop modern methods of effective production of livestock products and new technological methods for the rational use of feed and innovative resources.

Keywords: dairy farming, profitability, productive life of cows, feed production, feeding diets, reproductive potential.

Author Details: V.A. Sysuev, D. Sc. (Tech.), member of the RAS, director; T.F. Vasilenko, D. Sc. (Biol.), leading research fellow (e-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.); R.V. Rusakov, Cand. Sc. (Biol.), head of laboratory (e-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.).

For citation: Sysuev V.A., Vasilenko T.F., Rusakov R.V. Problems of Development of Dairy Animal Husbandry in Russia and Modern Approaches to Their Solution. Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK. 2017. V. 31. No. 3. Pp. 20-24 (in Russ.).