N.V. Perfilyev, O.A. Vyushina
Research Agricultural Institute of the Northern Trans-Urals – the branch of the Federal Research Center of Tyumen’ Scientific Center of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Burlaki, 2, pos. Moskovskii, Tyumenskii r-n, Tyumenskaya obl., 625501, Russian Federation
Abstract. The research was conducted in 2006–2013 in a long-term experiment of the Research Agricultural Institute of the Northern Trans-Urals during 5–6 rotations of a grain-fallow crop rotation. The soil of the experimental plot was dark gray forest, heavy loamy. At the continuous application of various tillage systems in the five-field grain-fallow crop rotation, a moldboard system ensured the highest productivity; it was higher by 0.03–0.23 t/ha of crop rotation area than in systems with minimization elements. In combination with herbicides, the use of resource-saving tillage systems: subsurface, surface, differentiated is economically sound and expedient. The greatest economic efficiency was in the variant with the moldboard tillage system, the net income was 13,540–14,390 RUB/ha of crop rotation area. Against the background of natural soil fertility, the variants with the subsurface treatment by KPE-3.8 at 12–14 cm, surface and differentiated tillage systems were almost equal in effectiveness to the control. They yielded to it in a net income by 1.0–2.7% with a close energy coefficient and profitability level. When fertilizers were applied, the difference in the net income was 5.2–8.1%, and the energy coefficient decreased to 2.00–2.05 compared to 2.07 for plowing. At the same time, the productivity increased by 43–52%, the fuel costs reduced by 21–33%, the total energy consumption for processing decreased by 13–56%. Due to this, the costs of the main processing per 1 ton of grain yield, when using the selected resource-saving tillage systems, reduced by 99–293 MJ/t, or by 64–189 RUB/t (by 25.2–55.2%) against both backgrounds of mineral nutrition, in comparison with the annual plowing. The other studied resource-saving tillage systems led to a decrease in the net income, compared to the moldboard system: against the background of the natural soil fertility – by 4.4–11.3%, at fertilizer application – by 8.9–15.0%.
Keywords: productivity of a crop rotation, tillage system, energy costs, net income, efficiency, energy coefficient.
Author Details: N.V. Perfilyev, D. Sc. (Agr.), chief research fellow (e-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.); O.A. Vyushina, research fellow.
For citation: Perfilyev N.V., Vyushina O.A. Productivity of a Grain-Fallow Crop Rotation and Efficiency of Grain Production Depending on the Tillage System. Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK. 2018. Vol. 32. No. 1. Pp. 18-21 (in Russ.).