FORMATION OF PRODUCTIVITY OF PURE AND MIXED CROPS OF SPRING GRAIN CULTURES UNDER CONDITIONS OF THE CENTRAL NON-BLACK SOIL ZONE

I.V. Gorbachev¹, A.S. Vasil’ev^2
1Russian State Agrarian University – Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, ul. Timiryazevskaya, 49, Moskva, 127550, Russian Federation
²Tver State Agricultural Academy, ul. Marshala Vasilevskogo (Sakharovo), 7, Tver’, 170904, Russian Federation

Abstract. The purpose of the research was to study the peculiarities of productivity formation of pure and mixed crops of spring cereals against different backgrounds of mineral nutrition during cultivation for forage. The investigations were carried out in 2015–2017 in Tver State Agricultural Academy on sod medium-podzol sabulous soil. The design of the experiment included the following variants: the background of mineral nutrition (factor A) – the control (without fertilizers), the calculated doses of NPK for 4,000 feed units/ha (N147Р149К122) and for 6,000 feed units/ha (N221Р224К187); a culture or a mixture (factor B) – barley (100% of a seeding rate), oat (100%), triticale (100%), barley (50%) + triticale (50%), oat (50%) + triticale (50%), barley (33.3%) + oat (33.3%) + triticale (33.3%). The basic seeding rate was 5 million germinating seeds/ha for all cultures. The cultivation of the mixture of oat and triticale in equal proportions was the most effective. At intensive agro-technologies this mixture makes it possible to maximize the production potential of crops, providing the yield of 4.19 t/ha against the second background and of 5.09 t/ha against the third background with the feed units yield of 4,950 and 6,060 units/ha and provision of 1 feed unit with 88.9 and 89.3 g of digestible protein. Against the background of natural fertility, a three-component barley-oat-triticale mixture was more preferable, where the collection of feed units was 3,410 units/ha with a protein supply of 85.0 g/feed unit. The increase in the productivity was achieved by means of optimization of photosynthetic activity and water consumption of plants in the crops.

Keywords: barley, oat, spring triticale, mixtures, background of mineral nutrition, photosynthetic activity, productional process.

Author Details: I.V. Gorbachev, D. Sc. (Agr.), prof. (e-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.); A.S. Vasil‘ev, Cand. Sc. (Agr.), head of department (e-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.).

For citation: Gorbachev I.V., Vasil’ev A.S. Formation of Productivity of Pure and Mixed Crops of Spring Grain Cultures under Conditions of the Central Non-Black Soil Zone. Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK. 2018. Vol. 32. No. 1. Pp. 22-25 (in Russ.).