I. A. Slyusar’1, O. P. Silaeva2, Z. P. Baburchenkova1
1State Station of Agrochemical Service, «Smolenskaya», ul. Avtodorozhnaya, 3, s. Pechersk, Smolenskii r-n, Smolenskaya obl., 214530, Russian Federation
2Station of Agrochemical Service «Vyazemskaya», ul. Mira, 12, s. Andreikovo, Vyazemskii r-n, Smolenskaya obl., 215158, Russian Federation
Abstract. An analysis of the state of fertility of arable soils in Smolensk region was carried out and dynamics of its changes in 1964–2016 was revealed. The content of organic matter (humus) in the soils of the region during the study period was stable and for all cycles corresponded to a low degree of availability (1.70–1.92%). In 2016, according to the degree of humus content, 47.4% of arable soils were low-humic (less than 2%), 30.5% were medium-humic soils (2.1–2.5%); a weighted average humus content in the region as a whole was 1.92%. As of 01/2017, 408,600 hectares (72.6% of the arable land surveyed) were occupied by acidic soils (pH was 4.1–5.5) in Smolensk region. Close to neutral and neutral soils occupied 154,400 hectares (27.4%). The weighted average acidity index (pH) was 5.21 units, which is significantly higher than the initial level (4.66 units) in 1970. The weighted average phosphorus supply in the region was 115.3 mg/kg and it ranged from 72.8 mg/kg in Ershichsky district to 151.4 mg/kg in Dorogobuzhsky district. Soils with low phosphorus content (less than 50 mg/kg) occupied an area of 127,700 hectares, or 23% of the arable land. Soils with a low K2O content (up to 80 mg/kg) occupied 53.8% of the total area in the region. Over 1988–1992, the value of this indicator increased by 19.4%. The greatest development of measures for the preservation and improvement of soil fertility in Smolensk region was from 1981 to 1990. In this period, on an average for a year, the volume of application of mineral fertilizers reached 148 kg of active substances per hectare, organic fertilizers – 6.0 t/ha, phosphorite application was carried out on an area of 71,500 hectares, liming – 220,500 hectares. It contributed to a reduction in nitrogen deficit in agriculture to minus 4.0–11.5 kg/ha, and for phosphorus and potassium the balance was positive.
Keywords: soil fertility; agrochemical monitoring; humus; acidity; mobile forms of phosphorus and potassium; trace elements; fertilizer; dynamics; balance of nutrients.
Author Details: I. A. Slyusar’, director; O. P. Silaeva, deputy director; Z. P. Baburchenkova, department manager.
For citation: Slyusar’ I. A., Silaeva O. P., Baburchenkova Z. P. Dynamics of Indicators of Soil Fertility and Use of Chemical Means in Smolensk Region. Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK. 2018. Vol. 32. No. 4. Pp. 10-15 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.24411/0235-2451-2018-10402.