ASSESSMENT OF THE CARBON DIOXIDE EFFECT, EMITTED AT THE PLOUGHING OF CEREAL STRAW TOGETHER WITH HUMICOLA FUSCOATRA, ON PHOTOSYNTHETIC PROCESSES AND PRODUCTIVITY OF SUGAR BEET

I. V. Cherepukhina^{1, 2}, N. V. Bezler¹, I. I. Vasenev³, T. A. Devyatova², I. V. Kozorezova^2
1A. L. Mazlumov All-Russian Research Institute of Sugar Beet and Sugar, pos. VNIISS, 86, Ramonskii r-n, Voronezhskaya obl., 396030, Russian Federation
²Voronezh State University, Universitetskaya pl., 1, Voronezh, 394018, Russian Fedration
³Russian State Agrarian University – Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, ul. Timiryazevskaya, 49, Moskva, 127550, Russian Federation

Abstract. Under conditions of a long-term field experiment, founded in 2011, the influence of ploughing of winter wheat and barley straw with cellulolytic micromycete (Humicola fuscoatra strain VNIISS 016) on the processes of carbon dioxide emission from the soil was studied in a grain-fallow-row crop rotation (fallow, winter wheat, sugar beet, barley) in 2015–2017. The area of a test plot was 75.6 m2; the replication was fourfold. The application rate of straw was 4–5 t/ha (with straw remaining in the field after cereal harvesting), of nitrogen fertilizer – 40 kg/ha, of nutrient additive (molasses) – 200 L/ha (1: 1000), of the micromycete in the form of inoculum – 344,000 CFU/m2. The design of the experiment was the following: control; straw; straw + nitrogen; straw + nitrogen + micromycete + molasses. Using the N-tester (YARA), the chlorophyll content in the leaves was measured on 30 plants and was expressed in units of the N-tester. The coefficient of productivity of photosynthesis (Kpp) in the phase of row closure was expressed by the ratio of photosynthetic activity according to the N-tester to the surface area of one leaf (S). The intensity of CO2 emissions from the soil was measured by titration, by analyzing the samples on a gas chromatograph and on an infrared gas analyzer (Li-820). CO2 emission from the soil at straw ploughing with H. fuscoatra, nutrient additive and nitrogen was increased up to 35.8 (mg CO2/dm2)*h, or 2.6 times; up to 1174.1 ppb/min, or 2.7 times; up to 12.3 (g*m-2)/day, or 1.3-fold. The use of straw without additional components negatively affected the development of sugar beet plants, while the cellulolytic micromycete promoted an increase in the area of the leaf surface and activation of photosynthetic processes. The coefficient of photosynthesis productivity in the control was 3.15, with the use of straw – 2.09, of straw with nitrogen – 3.15, with micromycete – 5.45. The root yield was 24.8, 27.2, 26.0, 35.8 t/ha, respectively.

Keywords: straw of cereals; Humicola fuscoatra cellulolytic micromycete; carbon dioxide; coefficient of photosynthesis productivity; sugar beet yield.

Author Details: I. V. Cherepukhina, Cand. Sc. (Biol.), senior research fellow, senior lecturer (e-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищён от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.); N. V. Bezler, D. Sc. (Agr.), head of laboratory, leading research fellow; I. I. Vasenev, D. Sc. (Biol.), head of department; T. A. Devyatova, D. Sc. (Biol.), head of department; I. V. Kozorezova, post graduate student.

For citation: Cherepukhina I. V., Bezler N. V., Vasenev I. I., Devyatova T. A., Kozorezova I. V. Assessment of the Carbon Dioxide Effect, Emitted at the Ploughing of Cereal Straw Together with Humicola Fuscoatra, on Photosynthetic Processes and Productivity of Sugar Beet. Dostizheniya nauki i tekhniki APK. 2018. Vol. 32. No. 6. Pp. 34-37 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.24411/0235-2451-2018-10608.